【作者】 王冲；

【导师】 娄玉杰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以绵羊作为研究对象，通过常规养分测定、消化试验、瘤胃降解试验(尼龙袋法)和代谢试验四个试验，对生物纤维饲料的常规养分和微生物数量、绵羊的饲用价值、瘤胃降解特性及在养羊业中以生物纤维饲料作为蛋白源的可能性进行了探讨。该研究不仅能够为在养羊业中更好的利用这种新型的非常规蛋白饲料提供较详细可靠的参考数据，而且能够为进一步开发这种饲料资源提供理论依据。本研究分为四个部分。 1．第一部分为生物纤维饲料常规养分及微生物数量的测定。结果表明生物纤维饲料中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙和磷的含量分别为：65.61％、21.97％、1.88％、3.00％、7.79％、30.97％、0.85％和1.13％。另外，生物纤维饲料中含有需氧菌3.43×10~6个／克；厌氧菌3.53×10~6个／克；微需氧菌3.15×10~6个／克；饲料中的活菌总数为1.11×10~7个／克。 2．第二部分为羊对生物纤维饲料各养分的表观消化率和消化能的测定。将4只健康状况、体重和年龄相似的绵羊随机分为两组，每组2只。采用交叉试验设计方法，测得绵羊对生物纤维饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰份、无氮浸出物和能量的消化率分别为74.71％、84.81％、72.24％、72.68％、45.41％、77.52％、77.76％。同时还测得每千克干物质的消化能为15.39兆焦。因此生物纤维饲料原样中的消化能为10.10兆焦／千克。 3．第三部分以三只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊为试验动物，利用尼龙袋法测定生物纤维饲料、玉米纤维饲料、玉米胚芽饼及玉米蛋白粉四种玉米深加工副产物的干物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解率及降解规律。结果表明：生物纤维饲料、玉米蛋白饲料、玉米胚芽饼、玉米蛋白粉中干物质的有效降解率分别为：61.75％、58.37％、50.37％和47.88％。而生物纤维饲料、玉米蛋白饲料、玉米胚芽饼、玉米蛋白粉蛋白质的有效降解率分别为：73.73％、49.23％、51.79％和61.13％。同时本研究还发现在反刍动物饲粮里应用生物纤维饲料和玉米蛋白粉时，应当补充适当的能量饲料，以达到饲粮的能氮平衡。而在反刍动物的饲粮里，玉米纤维饲料和玉米胚芽饼应当和瘤胃蛋白质降解率高的饲料原料配合使用，从而达到能氮平衡。此外本研究还表明不同的玉米深加工副产物在瘤胃培养相同的时间后，其干物质和蛋白质的瘤胃消失规律不尽相同，并且同一玉米深加工副产物的干物质和蛋白质的瘤胃消失率也随着在瘤胃培育时间的长短不同而变化。 4．第川部分按3X：9拉丁方试验设计方法研究了三种以豆粕、生物纤维饲料和玉米蛋白粉为蛋白源的等能等氮饲粮，对绵羊氮利用的影响。结果表明：饲喂三种不同的饲粮时，试验羊氮的进食量、粪氮排泄量及氮的表观消化率差异不显著叩＞0．05人尿氮排泄量及氮的表观沉积率差异也不显著（P＞0．05）。同时，本研究结果还表明饲喂三种饲粮时，试验羊的干物质和有机物的表观消化率差异也下显著（P＞（）．（）5）。但以豆粕为蛋臼源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率与以生物纤维饲料为氮源的饲粮及以玉米蛋白粉为蛋臼源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率差异显著（P ＜（）．（o；而以生物纤维饲料为氮源的饲粮＼以玉米蛋白粉为蛋白源的饲粮的粗灰分表观消化率之间差异不显著叩＞0．（）5）。 综合整个试验过程的结果，可以得出：在养羊业中，可以利用新开发的生物纤维饲料替代邢分常规蛋〔1源——豆粕，作为精料补充料的蛋白测。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to study the nutrional value, the value in the sheep feeding and the degradation characteristic in rumen of the biological fiber feed. In addition, the possibility of using biological fiber feed as protein sources in the sheep feeding was also be studied in this research . All the above research was regarding sheep as the on trial animal. And four experiments , such as the measurement of the normal composition of feed, the digestibility experiment, the experiment of protein in rumen using nilon bag technique and the metabolism experiment were introduced in this research. The research can not only provide more detailed and dependable reference data which was in order to use this kind of new unusual protein feed more better in the sheep feeding, but also the further basis theories to develop this kind of resources of animal feed . The research was consisted of four phases.On the first phase, the normal composition and the microorganism quantity of the biological fiber feed was measured. Results showed that the content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract, calcium, and phosphorus in the biological feed was 65.61% , 21.97%, 1.88%, 3.00%, 7.79%, 30.97% ,0.85% and 1.13%, respectively; and the amount of the abrobic bacteria, the anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic bacteria in the biological fiber feed were respectively 3.43X106 per gram, 3.53 X 106 per gram and 3.15X 106 per gram. So conclusion can be drawn that the total number of living microorganism in the biological feed was 1.11 X 107 per gram.On the second phase, the apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive energy of biological fiber feed for sheep feed were determined. Four sheep with similar health condition, weight and age were randomly divided into two groups, with two sheep in each one. The trail was conducted with the crossing design of experiment to determine the apparent nutrient digestibility and digestive energy of biological fiber feed. Theuiresults showed that the apparent nutrient digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extract and energy for sheep were 74.71%, 84.81%, 72.24%, 72.68%, 45.41%, 77.52%, 77.76% , respectively.; and the digestive energy of biological fiber feed per kilogram on the basis of the dry matter was 15.39MJ. Based on the above results, the digestive energy of the original biological fiber feed per kilogram was 10.10MJ.On the third phase, three sheep fitted rumen fistula were selected to estimate the dry matter and protein degradation of four by-products of corn milling processing industry, such as biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal ; and the nilon bag technique was used in this phase. Results showed that dry matter degradation of biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal were 61.75%, 58.37%, 50.37%, 47.88%, respectively; And crude protein degradation of biological fiber feed, corn fiber feed, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal were 73.73%, 49.23%, 51.79%, 61.13%, respectively.On the other hand, this phase also discovered that the energy feed were necessary to add in the diets of ruminant if biological fiber feed or corn gluten meal was used as the source of protein in order to attain the balance between energy and nitrogen in rumen. Furthermore, the better balance between energy and nitrogen in rumen can also be producted by using the corn fiber feed and the corn germ meal with the feed of higher content of rumen degradable protein . In addition, results of this research also showed that dry matter and crude protein degradations of different by-products of corn milling processing industry were different after being cultured in rumen at the same time. Moreover the dry matter and crude protein degradation of the same by-products of corn milling processing industry can changed with the different time after being cultured in rumen.On the fourth phase, three sheep were used in a 3 X 3 Latin squares expe更多还原