淀粉黄原酸酯的制备及其在重金属废水处理中的应用

【作者】 刘有才；

【导师】 谢刚； 钟宏；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金物理化学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对淀粉黄原酸酯（DX）的合成进行了研究。研究结果表明，原料配比为：淀粉：NaOH：CS₂为10:4:3（mol数比），反应温度为室温，黄化反应时间为120min，合成DX的黄原酸化程度高，即产品含硫量和取代度高。研究了MgSO₄和环氧氯丙烷对DX合成的影响，得出淀粉和MgSO₄的重量比为8:1，淀粉和环氧氯丙烷的重量比为10:1，MgSO₄和环氧氯丙烷对黄原酸化程度没有影响，但能增强交联程度和不溶性。产品DX的含硫量为8.41％，取代度为0.245。 对DX在重金属废水处理中的应用研究表明：在同等条件下，用DX系列（DX-1、DX-2、DX-3、DX-4）处理Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cr³⁺等重金属离子废水，得出DX-4处理重金属离子废水性能优越，重金属离子残余浓度均低于0.95mg／L，脱除率达97％以上。当DX-4：重金属离子的质量比分别为4.3:1、3.9:1、4.3:1、5.9:1，在pH值为中性或弱碱性，反应时间为30min，Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cr³⁺重金属离子脱除率达99％以上。重金属离子浓度越大，DX-4交换容量越大。DX-4的含硫量越高，其交换容量越大。Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cr³⁺等重金属离子残渣都很稳定，无二次污染。研究了DX-4对重金属离子混合废水处理，在适宜药剂配比、pH值和反应时间，残余浓度均低于0.50mg／L，脱除率达98.5％以上。探讨了DX-4对湘乡制革厂制革废水处理后，选用适当药剂配比、pH值和反应时间，残余浓度低于0.05mg／L，脱除率高达99.5％。 通过溶液的化学计算、差热分析和红外光谱分析，得出了淀粉黄原酸酯用于废水处理的作用机理。对Cu²⁺离子而言，氧化还原反应、取代反应和交换吸附共存；而对Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cr²⁺等重金属离子来说，仅存在取代反应和交换吸附。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis deliberated synthetization of starch xanthate. The research results obtained showed that, sulphonating extent of synthetic starch xanthate was high, under room temperature, time 120 minutes, mol ratio of starch, sodium hydroxide and disulphide being 10 : 4 : 3, It was to say that sulphur content and supplent extent were high. It deliberated that magnesium sulphate and epichlorohydrin affecting on synthetization of starch xanthate, mass ratio of synthetic starch xanthate and Magnesium sulphate was 8: 1, Mass ratio of synthetic starch xanthate and epichlorohydrin was 10 : 1, Magnesium sulphate and epichlorohydrin didn’t affect sulphonating extent of synthetic starch xanthate, but did enhance cross extent and nature of insoluble. Sulphur content of the product was 8.41%, and supplent extent was 0.245.Research of treatment of starch xanthate in heavy metal ions wastewater showed that, under the same repercussion condition, the function of insoluble cross starch xanthate was superior in soluble starch xanthate, insoluble starch xanthate, soluble cross starch xanthate and insoluble cross starch xanthate handled heavy metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ wastewater, It was to say that consistency of residue of heavy metal ions was below 0.95mg/L, and extrication proportion was above 97%. However, under quality ratio of insoluble cross starch xanthate and heavy metal ions being 4.3 : 1, 3.9 : 1, 4.3 : 1 and 5.9 : 1, value of pH neutral or weak alkal, time 30 minutes, extrication proportion of heavy metal ions wastewater was above 99%. The higher concentration of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Zn2"1", Ni2+, and Cr3+ was, the largerdelivered capacity of starch xanthate was. The higher sulphur content of starch xanthate was, the larger delivered capacity of starch xanthate was. Remainderes of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ were stable, they didn’t produce the secondary pollution. Under proper remedy capacity, value of pH and reaction time, treatment effect of the heavy metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ wastewater was good, consistency of residue of heavy metal ions was below 0.50mg/L, and extrication proportion was above 98.5%. Under suitable remedy quantity, value of pH and reaction time, treatment effect of Cr3+ wastewater of Xiang Xiang tannery was good, consistency of residue of heavy metal ions was below 0.05mg/L, and extrication proportion was above 99.5%.Reseach of solution chemistry agent, differential thermal analysis and infrared optical spectrum analysis showed mechanism of starch xanthate in watewater treatment. Oxidation-reduction reaction, supplent repercussion and commutation and adsorption reaction all existed in Cu2+ wastewater, but just supplent repercussion andcommutation and adsorption reaction existed in heavy metal ions Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cr3^ wastewater.更多还原