【作者】 邓春玲；

【导师】 宁平；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本项目为云南省自然科学基金资助项目，项目编号为2000B0023M。 本文针对造成水体富营养化的磷，采用吸附法进行处理，开发新型高效脱磷吸附剂，以达到工业废水及生活污水中磷的零排放，为废水的深度除磷提供一条切实可行的途径。 文中主要研究内容为：(1)将稀土氧化物加载在载体沸石(4A)上，通过高温焙烧等方法制备成高效脱磷吸附剂，并从理论上探讨了稀土吸附剂的脱磷机理；(2)研究了制备工艺及制备条件对稀土吸附剂脱磷性能的影响及对载体化学组成和物理结构的影响；(3)考察了浸渍液浓度、溶液pH值、浸渍时间、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对脱磷率及吸附量的影响，并用正交试验法提出了稀土吸附剂的最佳制备条件；(4)采用X衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜等分析手段观察化学处理及热处理对载体的影响；(5)对研制的稀土吸附剂进行了适宜的脱磷条件实验和解吸实验，测定了吸附等温线和穿透曲线，提出了吸附模型，并对脱磷机理进行了探讨；(6)用吸附剂对磷肥厂的实际水样和生活污水水样进行了处理，并对吸附剂去除氨氮、氟离子、砷离子(Ⅲ)进行了初步研究。 研究结果表明：稀土吸附剂的最佳制备条件是镧离子浓度为0.35％的溶液pH值调为10，按1:50(固液比)投加沸石，浸渍16h以上，过滤后滤饼烘干，于500℃下焙烧1h。脱磷的适宜条件说明，研制的稀土吸附剂适于处理弱酸性废水，对含磷浓度为50mg／L、pH值为3～6的溶液，吸附剂的投加量在3g／L时，磷的去除率可以达到99％，出水pH值在6～9之间，稀土吸附剂的平衡吸附容量为22.41mg／g，动态吸附容量为4.39mg／g。研制的稀土吸附剂对水中的氨氮、氟离子、砷离子(Ⅲ)均有较好的去除效果。经稀土吸附剂处理后的工业废水和生活污水，磷浓度低于0.5mg／L，pH值在6～9之间，达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。与传统的化学凝聚法除磷和生物法除磷相比，吸附法具有工艺简单、高效、经济等优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The project is subsidized by Natural Science Fund of Yunnan province. (No.2000B0023M.)In order to remove the phosphorus that causes aquatic eutrophication, a new dephosphorates absorbent was invented to reduce the exhaust of phosphorates and an effective method of advanced wastewater treatment was provided .The main content is described as follows:(1) By means of addition of rare earth oxide to the carrier zeolite(4A) and roasting it in high temperature, the new dephosphorates absorbent was produced and the dephosphorates mechanism of rare earth absorbent was discussed. (2) The manufacture process and manufacture condition were studied which influence the rare earth absorbent’s dephosphorates performance, chemical composition, physical structure. (3) The correlation was observed between the test result of phosphorates removal efficiency(or adsorption capacity) and the influent factors such as maceration extract concentration, the solution pH, the maceration time, the roasting temperature, roasting time. By the optimal test, the optimal absorbent produce conditions were chosen. (4) The effect on the carrier was examined, which was caused by chemical treatment and heat treatment by means of X-ray diffraction, transmittance electrical lens and scanning electrical lens, etc. (5) Under the appropriate condition an experiment on the phosphorus absorption and desorption was made to measure the adsorption isotherm and breakthrough curve. Ard based on the test result, the advance adsorption model was presented and the dephosphorates mechanism was discussed. (6) The absorbent was used to treat the domestic effluent and phosphate industrial effluent. The research on the advanced removal of the NH3-N,F",As(III) by using the absorbent was made.The result of research shew that the optimal absorbent manufacture process based on the following conditions: the zeolite carrier should be soaked for 16h in the 0.35% La3+ solution under the pH of 10. The total solid/liquor ratio is 1:50. carrier is toasted at 500 for Ih. The optimaldephosphorates condition indicates that the new rare earth absorbent is suit to treat acidy wastewater. Aimed at the solution with 50mg/L phosphorus and pH within 3-6, the removal efficiency can reach 99% by 3g/L absorbent, the effluent pH varies within 6-9. Under this condition, the balance adsorption capacity of rare earth absorbent is 22.4mg/g, the dynamic adsorption capacity is 4.39mg/g. The rare earth absorbent also have good removal efficiency to NHs-N, F" and As(III). After the treatment of rare earth absorbent, the industrial effluent and domestic effluent can reach the first standard of National Drainage Standard (GB8978-1996). Compared with the chemical coagulation and biological method, the absorption method is more efficient, economical and simpler.更多还原