延边地区壁蜂区系调查及其利用研究

【作者】 孟艳玲；

【导师】 吕龙石；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 果树学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 为了利用延边地区壁蜂资源为当地苹果梨进行授粉，于1999－2001年对延边地区的野生壁蜂区系、壁蜂的生物学特性以及在苹果梨园上的释放和繁殖技术等方面进行了一系列研究，其结果如下：1．延边地区野生壁蜂资源非常丰富，野外采集壁蜂共计5种，即角额壁蜂、长角壁蜂、叉壁蜂、长白山壁蜂和尚未鉴定种。其中长白山壁蜂是已经确认的新种，角额壁蜂是延边地区的优势蜂种（98.95%）。野外采集壁蜂应将引蜂巢设置在靠近山且土木结构的草房上，其周围应有几棵果树并且山上有各种早春开花植物（野生果树）较多的地方。2.角额壁蜂和长角壁蜂均为一年一代，能为当地苹果梨授粉，并且能够在苹果梨园上正常繁育后代。角额壁蜂可以在当地苹果梨园上直接加以利用，而长角壁蜂可作为有望蜂种，有待于进一步研究。3.角额壁蜂的出茧起点温度是6.59℃ ,有效积温是69.14日度。4.角额壁蜂的繁殖比和营巢率依果园的立地条件不同而有所不同。花期前后果园地面覆盖早春开花植物，更有利于壁蜂定居与营巢繁殖，且竹管更利于壁蜂营巢（竹管和纸管的营巢率分别为40.59%、23.45%）。5．利用角额壁蜂授粉能够保证苹果梨的坐果率，并且壁蜂授粉的果实较人工授粉的果实种子数多（多0.87个）,果实发育更完全，果形更正,单果重增加33.4克，经济效益明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to use Osmia as a pollinator in apple-pear, the Osmia fauna in Yanbian Area, the biological character, the technology of releasing and reproducing in apple-pear orchard, were studied from 1999 to 2001.The results showed that:1) Yanbian Area was bound in Osmia resources.5 species were trapped in the field, namely Osima. cornifrons, O.longicornis,O.pedcornis, O.changbaishanense and O.sp. O.changbaishanense was the new species; to the number of their species, O.cornifrons was the dominant species in the local area (98.95)%. The trap tube should be located beneath the eave of civil-constructed thatched cottage near the mountain, where existed several fruit trees and quite quantity of plants blooming in the early spring. 2) O.cornifrons and O.longicornis reproduced one generation every year, both of them could pollinate for apple-pear and propagate in orchard, O.cornifrons could be used directly in the apple-pear orchard, and O.longicornis could be as the promising species still waiting for further research.3) The base emergent temperature from cocoon and thermal contant of O. cornifrons were 6.59℃ and 69.14 das.4) The reproductive ratio and establishing ration of O.corifrons were different according to the circumstance of the orchards. The orchard covered with early-spring flowers around florescence benefited the establishment and propagation, and the establishment effect of bamboo tube was better than that of paper tube (the establishment ratio were 40.59%, 23.45% for bamboo tube and paper tube respectively). The reproductive ratio and establishment ratio need to be improved.5) O.cornifrons as a pollinator could ensure the fruit set ratio. Fruits pollinated by O.cornifrons had more seeds (0.87), developed more fully, shaped more regularly, weighed more heavily (33.4g).更多还原