【作者】 闫华飞；

【导师】 李锐锋；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 基因工程是当前科技发展最为迅速的领域之一，随着基因组学和分子工程学的发展，特别是“人类基因组计划”的初步完成，标志着基因工程发展到一个新的历史阶段。转基因动植物、转基因食品、基因诊断、基因治疗、基因药物等基因产业的异军突起，刺激着普通民众的神经，成为人们关注的热点。人们期待着基因工程能给人类带来财富、健康和幸福。 然而，同其它任何科学技术一样，基因工程既可以给人类带来有利的一面，也可能给人类带来不利的一面。如何使人类对基因工程，有一个理性、客观、正确的认识，引导基因工程朝着有益于人类的方向健康发展，这正是本课题的研究目的。 该文首先在第一章中对基因和基因工程作了简单介绍并粗线条地展现了基因工程的应用领域。在此基础上，作者从五个方面重点探讨了基因工程可能会给人类带来的社会、伦理问题。 在第二章基因工程与生命伦理中，主要分析了基因工程技术的应用给人类基本权利的维护带来的冲击，包括基因诊断会导致人隐私权的丧失和公众的歧视；基因治疗导致的长生不老会贬损生命的价值和意义；转基因食品是否会影响人体健康，转基因食品的销售应维护公众知情选择权等等。第三章主要论述了遗传病的基因预防和代际伦理。指出遗传病的基因预防首先要注意这一技术应用的安全性问题，即使在技术安全性有保障的情况下，仍然会导致代际伦理问题。这主要是因为代际间价值观的差异和父母是否有权利根据自己的意愿来修改子女的基因。在第四章基因工程和社会公正中，指出基因工程的应用可能会导致某类人失业或给第三世界国家某些产业带来冲击，使富人和穷人的差距拉大，还会使竞技公正遭受失败，更为严重的是可能会由此而产生一种新型的殖民主义——基因殖民主义。第五章分析了转基因动植物的伦理问题。指出从动物身上移植“转基因器官”，会严重损害人的尊严；对转基因动植物的研究和开发还会破坏原本脆弱的生态环境，不仅会打破生态平衡，还会威胁物种的多样性，一旦造成基因污染，无疑是在自毁家园。在第六章基因武器与人类和平中，指出和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题，而基因武器则会使人类和平遭受威胁。由于其隐蔽性、方便性的特点，基因武器可能成为某些国家积极发展的战争利器，严重威胁到人类的安宁与和平。 在重点探讨了基因工程可能会给人类带来种种社会问题后，作者最后还提出了相应的解决办法，即通过加强政府方针政策的引导支持、法律法规的约束控制、强化科技伦理道德建设、发挥公众舆论监督作用，使基因工程最大限度的造福于人类，而将危害降到最低限度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gene engineering is the one of science and technologies which are developing fastly.With the developing of Gene-group School and Element Engineering School,specially"The human beings gene-group plan"having been completed, gene engineering has already developed a new history stage.Trans-gene plants and animals,trans-gene foodstuff,gene diagnosis.gene therapy.gene medicine,ects,all these spur the people’s nerve ,and gene engineering becomes the focus.People expect gene engineering to give them the property,health and happiness.However,science and technoloyg is like a two-edge sword,which has a good aspect and a bad aspect. The reasonable,object,correct manner of realizing.when the people is facing gene engineering, is very important .Because it leads gene engineering’s direction ,which benefits for the human beings healthy development.The writer firstly introduces the gene and gene engineering in the first part,and on the basis,the writer will analyses social or ethical problems from five fields following the operation of the gene engineering.In the part two, gene engineering and life ethics.This part is written that the operation of gene engineering can harm the rights of people,including gene diagnosis make people privite lose and make the public discrimination, gene therapy can make people longevity,bue it also can make the living not sense,trans-foodstuff is secure or not ,and should let know the details and choose themsleves when it is on sell.In the part three,the prevention to heredity disease and the ethical problems. The prevention to heredity disease firstly is payed attention its secure .What’s more.even if it is safe ,it alse has ethical problem ,chiefly because the value-view is different between the parents and their children,and if the parents have rights to chang the children’s gene according to their thoughts .In the part four, gene engineering and social equality.The operation of gene engineering can make some people lose their jods and make some developing countries’ estate difficult,and make sport equality fail.What’s more critical,there is a new kind of cononialism-gene cononialism, In the part five,trans-gene plants and animals and the ethical problems.Depending on the animals’body produce the trans-gene organs,then transplant to people’s body , which will harm people’s indignity;the research and exploitment to trans-gene plants and animals alse have harm to the nature,not only damage ecological balance;but also threaten the creature’s complexment.Once gene is polluted,in fact,the human beings are damaging their homeland. In the part six,gene weapon and the human beings peace.Peace and development is two topics of world.Gene weapons can make thehuman beings’ peace suffer danger.Owing to its concealment and convenientment,gene weapons have become some countries’ secrety weapon.This dangers the human beings’ tranquilment and peace.After analysing the ethical problems following the gene engineering to the human beings,the writer gives some measures to solve these problems.Through government’s policies to guide the direction of development of gene engineering;constructing the sciencist’s ethic,moral concepts; giving the public play to supervise the making of gene engineering,these measures will make gene engineering benefit for the human beings to the most extent,and harm the human being to the least extent.更多还原