玫瑰精油提取新工艺的研究及相关动物实验探讨

【作者】 何熹；

【导师】 迟玉森；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 玫瑰是一种良好的观赏植物和经济植物，其天然提取物——玫瑰浸膏和玫瑰精油作为一种高档香料和食品添加剂，具有良好的市场前景。目前提取玫瑰浸膏和精油的方法主要是水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂萃取两种方法，本文在传统方法的基础上，采用了目前比较先进的超临界萃取等提取方法，确定了一条玫瑰的保藏、加工、制取玫瑰浸膏和玫瑰的工艺路线，并对提取的工艺条件进行了初步研究，其主要内容如下： 1、玫瑰采摘后一段时间后香味成分要大量减小。使用盐水，乙醇对玫瑰鲜花浸泡48小时后提取玫瑰精油，得率与刚采摘的鲜花提取精油比较，结果显示得率并未明显减小因此确定这两种方法都可用于玫瑰的保藏。 2、在对玫瑰进行初级加工的工艺选择中，确定用乙醇对玫瑰进行24小时浸提处理，浸提后的溶液在75℃下浓缩这一方案。 3、在有机溶剂制取玫瑰浸膏工艺的中，分别使用乙醚、石油醚对玫瑰浓缩液萃取，分液后浓缩成浸膏，结果显示，石油醚制取浸膏得率为1‰，而乙醚得率为3‰。 4、用CO₂超临界萃取先将醇提浓缩液制成粗制玫瑰精油，再对粗制玫瑰精油进行第二次超临界萃取制成玫瑰精油，结果显示使用CO₂超临界萃取的粗制玫瑰精油得率5‰，精油的得率为万分之十左右，且玫瑰精油质量符合FCC，1981要求。 5、使用色谱／质谱联用仪分别对水蒸气蒸馏和CO₂超临界萃取玫瑰粘油的成分进行了初步分析，结果分别测出香茅醇等成分57种和42种。 6、对超临界萃取的残液进行了玫瑰黄酮的含量测定，结果表明制造浸膏和精油的残液含有丰富的玫瑰黄酮，含量分别为55mg％和71mg％。 7、玫瑰精油进行了急性毒理实验结果显示，其LD₅₀为15g／kg．bw，说明玫瑰精油具有低毒作用。 8、使用动物实验对玫瑰精油进行了玫瑰黄酮的保健功能实验，结果显示玫瑰黄酮具有降血脂功效。山东帅他人学M卜毕业沦义 玫现精汕提取新丁艺的研穴及相关功物实验比讨 通过以上实验及其结果说明，使用“。超临界革取方法制取玫瑰浸宫和精汕具有高效、安全、无污染等优点，为玫瑰的深加工开辟了一条新的道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Roses are a kind of ornamental and economical plants, from which we can get rose extract and rose refined oil. These natural products can be acquired as superior perfume and food addition, so they are important commodities and can bring rich profit for merchants. In present, there are two main process methods to get rose extract and refined oil. One is steam distillation; the other is organic solvent extract. In this study super critical extract was used, on the base of traditional methods, to determine a efficient method for rose preservation, process and acquiring rose extract and refined oil. The result were showed as follows:1. The fragrance was abated after the rose flower had collected for a few hours. Saline water and alcohol were used respectively to immerse fresh rose under room temperature, then after 120 hours, the extracted rose refined oil product ratio was same to non-immersing fresh roses’. So it meant that saline water or alcohol immersing was a available method for preserving rose.2. In order to processed the rose in a primary way, Alcohol were used respectively to immerse fresh rose. And the suitable conditions were concentrated the alcohol immersing liquor after the rose had been immersed 24 hours.3.Ether and ligroin were used respectively to extract rose concentrated fluid. And afterthe fluid formed two layers, upper layer could be concentrated and became roseextract. The results were showed that the rose extract product ratios using or were 3%oand l%o respectively.4.Super critical COj extract was used to extract the rose crude oil. And using thesecond super critical extract, rose refined oil was acquired from the rose crude oil.The results were showed that the rose crude oil and rose refined oil product ratio usingsuper critical CO: extract was5%o and 1%0respectively, and the quality attainedFCC, 1981 standard.S.Rose refined oil ingredient which made by steam distillation and super critical CO:extract respectively was analyzed by GC/MS .The results were showed that they had57and 42 ingredients respectively, such as citronellol etc.6.After rose refined oil was extracted using super critical CO: extract, the content ofremains was examined. We found that both these remains of refined oil and extracthad plentiful flavones, and the contents were 55mg% and 71mg% respectively.7.The results of toxicological experiments were showed that rose refined oil was akind of soft drugs, which LDso was 15g/kg.bw.8. The results of sanitarian experiments were showed that rose flavones could leveldown the TC and TG and raise HDL-C lever.In conclusion, using super critical CC>2 extract to extract rose extract and refined oil is a efficient method, and has many good characters such as efficiency, safety, non-pollute, and so on.更多还原