【作者】 宋永；

【导师】 臧素敏；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以SM₂型樱桃谷肉母鸭为试验动物，研究在其日粮中添加不同水平的酵母甘露寡糖对其生产性能、胴体性状、血液生化指标、盲肠主要微生物的影响，确定酵母甘露寡糖在肉鸭日粮中的适宜添加水平，并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨。 选用300只7日SM₂龄樱桃谷肉母鸭，随机分为5组，每组3个重复。第Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂玉米—豆粕基础日粮（不含抗生素和益生素），第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组，分别在基础日粮中加入0.05％、0.1％、0.2％、0.4％的酵母甘露寡糖（MOS），试验期为5周，测定生产性能、屠体品质、血液生化指标、肠道pH值和盲肠主要菌群等指标。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加MOS可改善肉鸭的生产性能。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肉鸭平均末重比对照组分别提高2.70％（P＞0.05）、5.96％（P＜0.01）、5.15（P＜0.05）和1.86％（P＞0.05）；试验全期（8～43日龄）的平均日增重分别比对照组提高2.69％（P＞0.05）、6.65％（P＜0.01）、5.34％（P＜0.05）和1.92％（P＞0.05）；试验组平均日采食量与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）；料肉比分别比对照组降低2.05％（P＞0.05）、6.15％（P＜0.05）、4.10％（P＞0.05）和3.69％（P＞0.05）。均以第Ⅲ组效果最好。（2）第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肉鸭的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率与对照组相比有升高的趋势，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05），此三项指标以第Ⅲ组最高，分别比对照组提高3.25％（P＞0.05）、3.30％（P＞0.05）、3.06％（P＞0.05）。试验组肉鸭腹脂率与对照组相比有下降的趋势，其中第Ⅲ组比对照组降低11.13％（P＜0.05），而其余组与对照组相比差异未达显著水平（P＞0.05％）。日粮中添加MOS对肉鸭胸肌的大理石纹评分、pH值和剪切力未产生显著影响（P＞0.05），但是，第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组的胸肌系水力与对照组相比均有不同程度提高，分别上升2.17％（P＞0.05）、3.24％（P＞0.05）、10.52％（P＜0.05）和1.32％（P＞0.05），以第Ⅳ组最高。（3）日粮中添加MOS可以改善肉鸭对营养物质的利用率。试验前期和后期，试验组对干物质、粗灰分、有机物、粗蛋白的利用率均高于对照组，其中第Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与对照组相比各项均达显著水平（P＜0.05）或极显著水平（P＜0.01）。（4）日粮中添加MOS对试验期末肉鸭血液生化指标有不同程度的影响。其中，血清总胆固醇含量有不同程度的降低，试验组分别比对照组降低4.15％（P＞0.05）、6.65％（P＜0.05）、6.04％（P＞0.05）和7.19％（P＜0.05），而各试验组间差异不显著。日粮中添加MOS虽然使试鸭血糖含量略有升高，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。试验组肉鸭血清中尿素氮含量有所降低，但未达显著水平（P＞0.05）。试验组试鸭血清白蛋白含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05），而各试验组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。日粮中添加的MOS，可以提高肉鸭血清中lgG的含量，但除第Ill组外，其余各组与对照组相比均未达显著水平（P＞0．05）。另外，肉鸭血清中 T。的含量，除第＊组外，其余组均比对照组显著升高（P＜0，05），其中第Il组无论与对照组相比还是与其它试验组相比，均极显著提高了血清T。含量(P（．01）。各组试鸭血清T；水平无显著差异（P＞0．05）。（5）日粮中添加饲OS对肉鸭十二指肠、空肠、回肠的PH值影响不大，第Il、IV组均比对照组略有降低，但未达显著水平（P＞0．05）。而对于盲肠 PH值，第Ill、IV、V组均比对照组显著降低（P＜0．05）。第＊、IV组盲肠内容物乳酸杆菌数均极显著高于对照组和其它试验组（P＜0．of），而此H组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。盲肠内容物的大肠杆菌数以第＊、IV、V组极显著低于对照组（P＜0．01），此三组相比较，第ill组显著低于第 V组（P＜0．05），而其余组间差异不显著（P＞0．05）。（6）第＊、ill组 r与对照组相比均能提高经济效益，以第＊组最好。综合以上结果，以添加 0．l％为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was conducted with Cherry Valley Female Meat duck to study the effect of MOS on the production performances blood biochemical indicator and the main microorganism of caecum. The purpose was to determine the optimal level of MOS on the meat duck and to explain the mechanism of its effects preliminarily.300 Cherry Valley female meat duck of 7-day old were assigned randomly into 5 groups each with 3 replicates for a 5-week trial. The basical diet was corn-soybean, containing no antibiotics nor prebiotics. The groups were fed with basical diets adding 0%(control group), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% MOS. the production performance, blood biochemical indicator and the main microorganism of caecum were determined. The main results were showed as follows: (l)Dietary MOS remarkably promoted production performance: at the age of 43 day, the average body weight of group IK HI, IV, V increased by 2.70% (P>0.05), 5.96%(P<0.01) , 5.15(P<0.05) and 1.86%(P>0.05) with the changes of MOS compared with control group. The third group had the highest average body weight. It also increased the average daily gain of II, III, IV, V groups, increased 2.69%(P>0.05), 6.65%(P<0.01), 5.34%(P<0.05) and 1.92%{P>0.05) respectively. But it had no obviously effect on the average daily feed intake (P>0.05). The feed-meat ratio of the II , III, IV, V groups decreased 2.05% (P>0.05), 6.15% (PO.05), 4.10% (P>0.05) and 3.69% (P>0.05) compared with control group, the third group was the lowest. (2)The slaughter rate, semi-net rate and the whole-net rate of the HI, IV, V groups were in the upward trend, but no significant difference. Among all the groups, the third group was the best, higher than control group by 3.25%(P>0.05), 3.30%(P>0.05), 3.06%(P>0.05), respectively. It did not obviously affect the rate of abdominal lipid except for the third group(decreased11.13% compared with the control group(P<0.05)). The dietary MOS also did not affect the marbling evaluation - pH value and shearing force of the musculus pectoralis(P>0.05), but the water-holding capacity of musculus pectoralics of IK EL IV , V were higher(2.17%(P>0.05) , 3.24%(P>0.05) , 10.52%(P<0.05) and 1.32%(P>0.05)) than control group and the fourth group was the best. (3)The diets added with MOS could increase the utilization rate of nutrient substance. In the early and later period of experiment, the utilization rate of dry matter crude asru organic matter and crude protein of IK IIL IV > V groups were all higher than those of control group, the difference of III> IV group were significant (PO.05) or extremely significant (PO.01). (4)At the end of the trial, the blood total cholesterol decreased 4.15%(P>0.05) , 6.65% ( PO.05 ) , 6.04%(P>0.05) and ,7.19% ( P<0.05 ) , respentively. The difference among all the experimental group was not significant. The dietary MOS slightly increased the blood sugar (P>0.05) and decreased the BUN(Blood Uninary Nitrogen) (P>0.05). It could significantly increase the serum albumin (PO.05), but the difference among all the experimental group were not significant (P>0.05). It could also increase the serum IgG, only group III reached significant level. Furthermore, the concentraton of serum T3, but for the second group, of the rest experimental groups was higher than control group (PO.05), and the third group was extremely higher than all the other groups (PO.01). The difference of the serum T4 were not significant among all the groups. (5)The dietary MOS did not affect the pH value in deodenum -, jejunum and ileum, only III, IV group slightly decreased (P>0.05), the caecum pH value of IIL IV > V groups were significantly lower than the control group (PO.05). The lactic acid of bacillus of caecum content in third and forth group higher than control group and the rest (PO.01). but the difference between them was not obviously (P>0.05). The E.coli-index of HI, IV > V groups were lower than control group (PO.01), and the third group also significantly lower than the fifth group. Among all the rest groups, there were no significant diff更多还原