【作者】 杜连凤；

【导师】 刘建玲；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以河北省不同地区日光温室土壤为研究对象，采用田间调查和生物实验等方法对菜地土壤盐分状况、组分变化、累积状况及空间分布，不同C/N有机肥对土壤盐分的影响进行了系统的研究，旨在为保护地合理施肥和蔬菜生产的可持续发展提供科学依据。结果如下： 日光温室0～20cm、20～40cm、40～60cm、60～80cm的土壤EC较相邻粮田均显著增加，分别增加了244％、55％、50％、73％。土壤盐分离子除HCO₃^-以外，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-均呈增加趋势。 在空间分布上，菜地土壤盐分主要积聚在0～20cm土层，20～40cm、40～60cm、60～80cm土壤的EC值分别是0～20cm土壤EC的50.0％、43.5％、41.9％。Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-含量随土壤层次的增加呈降低的趋势，HCO₃^-含量呈增加的趋势。 不同腐熟度的有机肥对油菜生物量及土壤EC的影响的结果表明，施用腐熟有机肥（75t/hm²）比单施化肥增加油菜生物量13.9％～70.3％。随着土壤盐分的增加，有机肥对油菜生物量的增产效果越显著。 秸秆能够降低土壤EC值和各种盐分离子的含量。但在不施化肥时秸秆的施用同时也降低了生物产量。在施用化肥（F1、F2）时，低量秸秆（37.5t/hm²）处理的生物量分别增加了32.9％、610％；中量秸秆（75t/hm²）分别增加了46.8％、1660％；高量秸秆（112.5t/hm²）分别增加了12.0％、2290％。随着化肥用量的增加，土壤盐分含量越高，对油菜生物量影响越严重，适宜的秸秆用量也随之增大。更多还原

【Abstract】 this research has studied the soil salt composition , salt accumulation and spatial distribution in different greenhouse of Hebei and the affection of organic fertilizer of different C/N to soil salt by investigation and simulated test, in order to provide scientific foundation to the peasant to use soil continued. The result showed :Contrast to the salt of crop plot, the soil salt of greenhouse of 0~20cm, 20~40cm ,40~60cm ,60~80cm layers have all increased . The content of soil salt of 0~20cm layer is the most and the EC of the four layers increased respectively 244%, 55%, 50%, 73%. The content of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, SO42-, NO/ all increased except of HCCvOn the spatial distribution, the accumulation of soil salt is mainly occurred in 0~20cm layer. The percentage of soil salt of 20-40, 40-60, 60~80cm layers to 0~20cm layer are 50.0%, 43.5%, 41.9%. Except HCO3’ increasing with soil layers, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cr, SO42-, NO3’ have all decreased.Simulated test showed that decomposed organic fertilizer has increased rape yield and alleviated the harm of secondary salinity. The decomposed organic fertilizer(75t/hm2) increased the production 13.9%~70.3% under chemical fertilizer. We can see that the effect of increasing production of decomposed organic fertilizer was more remarkable with the increase of chemical fertilizer.Stover decreased the content of soil salt and the soil EC, but it decreased rape yield under no chemical fertilizer. Under chemical fertilizer it increased rape yield, in the same time it decreased soil salt. Under chemical fertilizer (Fl, f2), low doses of stover (37.5t/hm2) increased rape yield 32.9% and 610% respectively; moderate doses of stover (75t/hm2) increased rape yield 46.8% and 1660% respectively; and high doses of stover (112.5t/hm2) increased rape yield 12.0% and 2290% respectively. From this we can see that stover is increasing with more chemical fertilizer.更多还原