【作者】 毛富强；

【导师】 王建华； 李振涛；

【作者基本信息】 天津医科大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 (一)目的 1、调查研究生精神疾病患病情况 研究生教育是最高层次的学历教育，研究生群体是科教兴国的希望。近来不断有研究显示，研究生心理障碍已经成为影响研究生培养质量的重要因素。关注研究生群体的心理健康状况，采取有效措施预防和治疗研究生精神疾病具有重要意义。本研究首次比较准确地描述包括神经症在内的研究生各种精神疾病患病情况，比较客观和全面地评价研究生群体心理健康状况。 2、研究个性特征、生活事件与神经症的关系 神经症是指没有任何可查明器质性基础的一类精神障碍，是研究生群体最常见的精神疾病。本研究采用流行病学病例对照研究的方法，探讨了个性特征和生活事件两类主要的社会心理因素对该病的影响。 3、治疗研究生心理障碍患者 本研究的筛查部分，聘请精神病学专家对调查样本中有心理问题者及时进行诊断和心理治疗。这是本研究确定病例组的一个必要环节，也是对于心理障碍研究生的“早发现、早诊断和早治疗”。在医学研究的过程中，就能够对患病的个体进行积极地干预和治疗。 (二)方法 1、样本选择 采用整群抽样方法随机抽取了天津大学、南开大学、医科大学和师范大学26个院(系)的828名研究生(占总体10.2％)组成本研究的样本。 2、现况调查与筛查 选用《90项症状自评量表》、《卡特尔十六种个性因素测验》和《生活事件量表》对调查对象进行精神症状测评与社会心理因素调查，同时筛查出有心理问题的研究生。 3、复查面诊与临床治疗 将筛查出的心理问题者预约到医科大学总医院心理卫生科，请具有高级专业技术职称的精神科专家进行诊断和鉴别诊断，确定各种精神疾病的患病情况。对于确诊患有各类心理障碍的研究生，同时给予积极的心理咨询和治疗。 4、病例对照研究 将确诊为神经症的研究生71人作为病例组，将参加调查的其他研究生(757人)作为对照组，进行病例对照研究。运用非条件Logistic回归的统计分析方法，分析年龄、性别、学位层次、学科专业、是否独生子女、婚姻状况等基本因素、个性特征和生活事件等因素与神经症的关系。 研究主神经症与个性特征、生活事件的关系研究 中文摘要 5、卫生统计分析 资料运用spsss．0统计分析软件包进行统计分析。 （三）结果 1、研究生阳性精神症状指数（GSI）为0．43土0．39，经统计学u检验与常模 比较无显著性差异。 2、研究生精神症状前三位的因子依次是：强迫症状（FZ，0．67土 0．55）、人 际关系敏感（F3，0．6ito．56）和抑郁（F4，0．50土0．51）。 3、研究生心理问题发生率26．h，心理问题者就诊率为58．l％。 4、研究生心理门诊构成比：神经症占56．8％，其他精神障碍19．h，亚健康 状态 17．6％，基本健康 6．4％。研究生精神疾病患病率 11．5％（神经症与其他精神 障碍合计）。 5、研究生精神疾病构成及患病率：神经症占74．7％（患病率为8．57％），心因 性精神障碍占12．0％（患病率为二．81％），人格障碍占4．M（患病率为0．6Ch）， 睡眠与觉醒障碍占3．2％（患病率为0．48％）。 6、研究生神经症临床亚型构成及思病率：强迫症占40．8％（患病率为3．sds）， 神经衰弱占3！．N（患病率为2．66％），恐怖症占8．5％（患病率为0．72％），抑郁 症占 7．po（患病率为口．6the），焦虑症占 5．6％（患病率为 0．4the），疑病症占 4．h （患病率为 0．36％），瘴症占 2．n（患病率为 0．24％）。 7、男研究生（OR为2．53，1．48－4．33）、非独生子女研究生（OR为2．32， l．04干．16）发生神经症的危险性大。 8、工学专业和医学专业与神经症之间有统计学显著意义：其中工学专业是危 险性因素（OR为 2．20，1．33－3．63）；而医学专业是保护性因素（OR为 0．40， 0．19—0．sl）。 9、研究生个性特征具有以下特点：高持强性“，6．23土 1．69），高兴奋性（F6．23 土l、80人高紧张性（Q4，6．12土1．10＼ 低怀疑性几，3．82士1．62L低忧虑性 （0，4．64上 l．70），低敏感性（I，4．86土 1．62）。 10、人格特征中的 4项是神经症的危险性因素：优虑（0），OR为 3．52 （．12－5．85）；敏感门），OR为 2．14（1．25－3．66）；怀疑（卜），OR为 1．91 （．17—3．12）；聪慧（C），OR为 1．68（1．05－2．69）。 11、人格特征中的 6项是神经症的保护性因素：定稳（C），OR为 0．37 （0．17－0．sl）；兴奋（F），OR为 0．40（0．25－0．66）：自律（Q），OR为 0．41更多还原

【Abstract】 I. Objective:1 .Making a Survey of Graduate Students’ Mental DiseasesGraduate students’ education belongs to the senior one in formal schooling. This group is hoped to succeed in making our country more thriving by applying advanced science and technology. In recent years, studies show that graduate students’ mental disorder has become a key factor that could affect the quality of graduate students’ training project. Therefore, it is of great significance to show concern about graduate students’ mental health and then take effective measures to prevent and cure such diseases. This study, for the first time, gives a more accurate description of various mental diseases, including neurosis, caught by graduate students. Besides, the study evaluates objectively and comprehensively the mental health of the graduate group.2. Studying the Relationship between Graduate Students’ Personalities, Life Events and NeurosisNeurosis is a kind of mental disorder, which is based on a non-confirmed organic disease. Such mental disorder is most commonly encountered in group of graduate students. By applying the case-control study method in epidemiology, we study mainly in the research the effects of two primary sociopsychological factors, personality and life event, upon the disease.3.Conducting Psychotherapy for the Graduate Students with Mental DisordersIn the Screening Examination test, one procedure of the research work, some psychiatrists are invited to make timely psychodiagnoses and to conduct psychotherapies for all the subjects with mental disorders. This is a key link in the chain of establishing case-control groups, and a "timely discovery, definite diagnosis and prompt treatment" principle to those who are suffering from mental disorders as well. In the course of this medical study, the individual client could be extremely concerned and positively treated.II. Methods:1 . sampling828 graduate students (covering 10.2% of the whole) from Tianjin University, Nankai University, Medical University and Normal University were randomly-4-selected as samples of study population.2 .prevalence survey and screeningThe subjects’ mental symptoms are rated and their sociopsychological factors were surveyed according to Symptom Checklist 90, Cattell 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire and Life Event Scale. Afterwards, those with mental problems were screened out.3. return visit examination and clinical treatmentThose who have been screened out were transferred to Tianjin Medical University Hospital, Mental Health Department and given diagnoses and differential diagnose by the psychiatrists with senior titles of technical posts so that various mental diseases could be identified definitely. The graduate students with mental disorders were given proper psychological counseling and psychotherapy as soon as they are confirmedly diagnosed.4.case-control studyTo conduct this research project, we divided the subjects into 2 groups梐 case group consisting of the mental clients (71 persons) and a control group consisting of the remaining subjects (757 persons) in study. Statistical analysis of unconditional logistic regression was used to retrospectively analyze effects of various factors on neurosis. These factors include some elementary factors, such as the subject’s age, sex, academic degree, specialized subject, marital status, whether one being the only child in his or her family etc., personality factors and life events factors.5.statistical analysisThe statistical analysis is based on SPSS 8.0 analysis software package.Ill. Result1. General mental symptom index of the graduate students (GSI) is 0.43?.39. No significant differences were found by using w-test and norm comparison.2. The first three factors in the students’ mental symptoms are displayed in order: obsession-compulsion (F2, 0.67?.55), interpersonal sensitivity (F3, 0.61?.56), and depression (F4, 0.50?.51).3. Prevalence rate of mental problems among the graduate students was 26.0%, the rate of their seek更多还原