拯救民主——雷蒙·阿隆民主思想研究

【作者】 王光昭；

【导师】 马德普；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 雷蒙·阿隆是20世纪法国保守自由主义思想家，他生活的年代正是欧洲动荡不安的时期，也是欧洲从巨人成为二流地区的时期。 面对欧洲的衰落，阿隆深感不安，努力地为欧洲辩护。第一，他以极端的反共分子而扬名，把共产主义与法西斯主义混为一谈，统称之为极权主义，并认为是极权主义对西方民主社会造成了极大的冲击，使得民主社会走向衰落，并大加攻击。他极力主张美国在欧洲驻军，防御苏联“极权主义”的入侵。他反对革命思想，把革命看作暴力，认为革命不是社会变革的良好途径，而富有谨慎的改苹才是理想的方式。第二，他认为西方国家的民主之所以衰微，其原因还在于国家之中的寡头与民众的力量不够平衡，同时国家也缺乏一个强有力的权威。为此，他指出，国家必须树立一个权威，以使国家的改革不致混乱，还必须建立精荚政治，实行精英民主。第三，民主的脆弱还由于政党制度的不健全。他指出只有建立一个立宪多党制，才能解决这一问题。同时，他还主张私有制，反对国家权力的扩大，认为人们的行动必须以理性为指导、并审慎行事，防止激进与暴力。 对阿隆精英民主理论的研究使我们认识到：民主政治并没有一个统一的模式，每个国家在不同的阶段，都会不同形式的民主模式。中国应从自身发展的历史阶段和国情出发，加强和改善党的领导，完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，加强法治建设，从政治的高度建设有中国特色的社会主义民主，为我国的改革与发展提供一个稳定的政治局面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Raymond Aron is a French conservative liberalist in 20th century The age he lived was a queasy time of Europe and was the time that the Europe was decliningFaced with the decadent Europe, Aron was anxious. He committed himself to defense for the Europe. Firstly, he was known as an anti-communist. He mistook the communism and fascism for the totalitarianism. He thought that the totalitarianism was an attack on the west democracy and made it weak He opposed revolution and looked upon it as violence. The good approach was not it instead of the reform. He claimed that the American army staying in the Europe can defense Soviet Union Secondly, he thought that the west democracy was decadent resulted from the unbalance between the oligarch and the democracy and that the nation was short of a strong authority So he said there must be an authority for that the reform of nation can go on wheels. The oligarch rightly was the authority. Thirdly, the weak democracy was resulted of an unsound party institution He said that we could strengthen democracy when multi-party was established. He persevered in the private ownership of the means of production and was against the expansion of the power nation The action must be directed by the reason and must be prudent It is against radicalness and violence.The study of the oligarchic democracy of Aron makes us realize that there isn’t a solid mode on democracy. Democracy has different kind of form in different stage of a country. China should strengthen and improve the leadership of the Party, strengthen the rule of law, should constaict socialism democracy with Chinese character according to our stage and national condition更多还原