【作者】 丛蕊；

【导师】 董世民；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 机械设计与理论， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 水驱抽油机井杆管偏磨现象呈逐年增加的趋势，已经成为影响检泵作业的主要因素之一。针对这一实际问题，本文在统计分析大庆油田采油五厂杆管偏磨井分布规律的基础上，得出了影响水驱抽油机井杆管偏磨的主要因素为含水、沉没度、抽汲参数和泵的间隙等级等；综合考虑了抽油杆柱所受的静负荷、惯性负荷、振动负荷及摩檫负荷，将抽油杆柱离散成阻尼—弹簧—质量振动系统，并改进了抽油泵液体负荷的模拟方法，建立了抽油杆柱所受轴向分布力新的计算方法；建立了抽油杆柱屈曲变形时的微分方程，在考虑整个抽油杆柱及其两端约束条件的基础上，推导出了垂直井筒中抽油杆柱产生多次屈曲时轴向临界载荷及偏磨点位置的计算公式，绘制出垂直井筒中抽油杆柱多次屈曲变形时的图形，得出了垂直井筒中抽油杆柱屈曲变形规律，即抽油杆柱最大弯曲变形始终发生在中和点附近，往下的弯曲变形挠度值越来越小，故在中和点附近抽油杆柱必然与油管接触，造成主要的摩擦阻力；并且随着抽油杆柱屈曲次数的增加，各波形顶点下移，波长变短，同时屈曲变形的临界载荷也增大。根据抽油杆柱屈曲变形临界条件，建立了杆管偏磨临界条件；根据所建立的抽油杆柱所受轴向分布力与泵端集中轴向压力的模拟方法以及杆管偏磨临界条件，提出了杆管偏磨力学机理，即由于油田生产流压的降低，以及由于部分油井抽汲参数过大，造成低沉油井逐年增多。在低沉没度油井中，由于天然气在原油中提前脱气，蜡在油管内、甚至在泵内析出，加之个别油井热洗周期不合理，造成杆管、甚至泵内严重结蜡，从而导致个别油井产生偏磨。同时，近年来油田含水不断升高，这样就使高含水、低沉没度油井中产生的“液击”现象，加剧了抽油杆柱的振动，从而导致了抽油杆柱所受轴向分布力下降，造成抽油杆柱容易产生偏磨现象。并且抽汲参数的增大，也进一步加剧了杆管偏磨；最后提出了预防杆管偏磨的措施，主要包括扶正器的设计、加重杆的设计、优化抽汲参数等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trend that the leaning attrition phenomenon of waterflooding pumping units well’s pole and tube is increased year after year, that become the one of main reason to affect to checking pump. Aiming at the question, the pole and tube leaning attrition distribution rules of Daqing No.5 oil field were analyzed in this paper, we concluded that the main reason affecting the leaning attrition are water, sinking degree, swabbing parameter, pump clearance grade ,and so oa Pumping units’s rod is separated to a system of spring-mass-damp oscillation and the simulation method of liquid burthen of pump is mended; the new simulation axis distribution stress method of pumping units’s rod is set up, the helix bend differential equation were set up. The sucker rod and the restrict condition were considered, the axis critical force and the wave peak expressions were educed at the time after time helix bend in the vertical well. The graph of bend sucker rod was protracted. The distortion flexion rules of sucker rod were gained in the vertical well The produced max bend flexion of sucker rod are nearby the counteracting point always, down bend flexion the value of y is little by little. So the sucker rod and the oil tube can’t but contact by the counteract point, that were main friction, and along with the flexion times increasing of the sucker rod, the wave peak move down, the wavelength turn to shorter, and the critical load of distortion flexion turn to bigger. With the critical conditions of rod knuckle distortion, the critical leaning attrition conditions of rod is set up and the critical leaning attrition conditions used now is pointed out to be wrong. With the model of new simulation axis distribution stress, centralized axis stress of pump port and the critical leaning attrition conditions, the leaning attrition mechanics mechanism of rod is brought forward. That is: owning to the depress of produce flow pressure, the part of the sucker parameter more big, the low sinking degree oil well are manifold year after year. Because the natural gas were escaped form oil ahead, at the low sinking degree oil well the wax were separated out in the oil well or pump. And the heat wash period of some oil well weren’t in reason, the max produced in the sucker rod and pump, the leaning attrition were bring in some oil well. At the same time, for the increasing scale of containing water in oil field and according to this, "liquid beating" come into being in well of high scale of containing water and the low sinking degree, the damp of rod pricks up, the next question is advanced that the axis distribution stress of pumping units’s rod drops and leaning attrition is pricked up. And for the accretion of sucker parameter, the rod and tube leaning attrition ratio increased. The way of prevention leaning attrition include the device of rectify implement and aggravation rod, optimize sucker parameter.更多还原