绿色化学与中学化学实验改革的研究

【作者】 孙小媛；

【导师】 郑长龙；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 教育， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 绿色化学是21世纪化学科学研究的重要方向之一。以绿色化学思想为指导改革中学化学实验，从反应物的选择，实验装置的设计，反应过程的控制，产物的处理进行绿色化研究，不仅能帮助中学生树立绿色化学理念，适应未来化学科学的发展，而且有利于激励学生的创新精神，培养他们与环境友好相处的意识，树立可持续发展的观念。因此，对绿色化学与中学化学实验改革进行研究具有重要意义。 本文在分析当前中学化学实验的现状及存在的问题的基础上，提出了绿色化学与中学化学实验改革研究的思路，旨在绿色化学理念的指导下，以化学实验系统为主线，探索中学化学实验绿色化研究的原则、内容和方法，阐述化学实验绿色化设计对中学化学实验教学改革的影响及新的启示。 中学化学实验绿色化研究应遵循以下基本原则：1．化学实验全过程的绿色化设计原则；2．绿色化学理念与提高环境意识相结合原则；3．科学性和可行性相结合原则；4．简约性与安全性相结合原则；5．微型化与直观性相结合原则。根据以上原则，结合化学实验教学实际，本文以典型实验为例子，从以下四个方面对中学化学实验的绿色化设计进行了研究：1．改进实验原理，进行实验绿色化设计。2．控制实验条件，进行实验的绿色化设计。其中包括降低药品浓度；选择最佳药品是配比；选择无污染的催化剂；合理控制反应时间。3．改进实验方法，进行实验绿色化设计。其中包括微型化实验和小量化学实验；把分散实验综合，充分利用反应物；采取新型实验方法；宣传和使用环境友好产品。4．规范操作，妥善处理好实验废弃物，实现实验的绿色化。其中包括实验废液、废气的处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Green chemistry is one of the key directions in the research of chemistry science hi the 21st century. Guided by the thoughts of green chemistry, the reform of chemistry experiments in middle schools, which include choosing reactor, designing experiment apparatus, controlling reacting process and the greening research on the disposal of waste, not only helps middle school students form the notion of green chemistry and adapt to the development of the chemistry development, but also helps stimulate students’ creativity, foster the awareness of students’ getting along harmoniously with nature, and establish the notion of continuous development. So, it means a lot to green chemistry and the reform of chemistry experiments in middle schools.Based on the analysis of the present conditions and existing problems in chemistry experiments in middle schools, the present article proposes the research thinking of the reform in middle school experiments, guided by the notion of green chemistry and focusing on chemistry experiment system, in order to probe the principles, content and methods of doing research on greening hi chemistry experiments in middle schools and expound the impact and new enlightenment greening design in chemistry experiments has on the teaching reform of chemistry experiments in middle schools.The research on the chemistry experimentation greening hi middle schools should follow five fundamentals: 1. the greening design principle in the whole process of chemistry experimentation; 2. the principle of the combination of green chemistry notion and raising environmental awareness; 3. the principle of the combination of science and feasibility; 4. the principle of the combination of thrift and safety; 5.the principle of the combination of miniaturization and directness. According to the above-mentioned principles, considering the reality of chemistry experimentation in middle schools, take a typical experiment for example,designing the greening of chemistry experiment in middle schools may be summarized as follows: 1. Improve experiment principle and design the greening of experiments. 2. Control experiment conditions and design the greening of experiments. It includes reducing the density of medicines, choosing the optimal medicine proportion, choosing unpolluted catalyst and controlling response time properly. 3. Improve experiment methods and design the greening of experiments. It includes miniaturizing and minimizing experiments, integrating individual experiments and making the best use of reactants, adopting new experiment methods, and propagating and using environment-friendly products. 4. Standardize operation, dispose the wastes from experiments well and realize experiment greening. It includes the disposal of waste liquid and gas from experiments.更多还原