生物质能开发利用设计与环境效应的研究

【作者】 刘威；

【导师】 尚金城；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，新型式的生物质能利用技术在世界范围内发展很快。生物质能的固化、气化、发电、液化等技术已经在许多领域得到了应用并取得了可观的环境、社会和经济效益。根据我国实际情况认定：在今后一段时间内，我国的生物质能利用重点在农村地区，利用方式以气化、发电为主。 本文对工程实例——吉林省龙井市合成利村生物质热电联供示范点的工艺流程、主要设备组成、工艺参数进行了比较全面的设计。通过设汁阐明了目前适合吉林省广大农村特点的生物质气化供气、气化—发电等技术的可行性：并对利用生物质资源取得的社会效益、环境效益进行了预测。同时指出，吉林省开发利用生物质资源的方法是：与生态省建设相结合，在生态省建设纲要的指导下，依据吉林省生态经济区的不同特点进行。对纲要中划分的4个生态区内生物质资源的开发和利用进行规划和预测。 通过运用环境科学、环境生态学的基本原理，根据当地地形地貌的特点对可获得生物质资源总量进行分析、测算；对示范点附近居民的能源使用情况进行详细的调查，定量分析了利用生物质资源后当地烟尘总最和二氧化硫排放总量的削减程度以及使用生物质能对当地居民能源利用结构的改变和产生的环境效应。 本文通过分析我省城市大气环境质量现状，认定以煤炭为主的化石能源的燃烧是造成吉林省城市、农村大气环境质量恶化的重要因素。改变传统生物质资源的利用方式，改善现有的能源利用结构可以减少烟尘、二氧化硫等主要污染物的排放总量，促进环境质量的改善。 同时论文还通过对我国生物质资源结构现状的分析，阐明了开发利用生物质资源对我国农村发展和环境质量改善具有的重大意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recently years, new types of biomass technique such as solidifying, gasifying, generating electricity and liquefying had been used in the worldwide. It get considerable!y envriomental, social and economic benefits in lots of fields. According to the facts in china, it is considered that the focuseing area that biomass are used are rural area and the main modes are gasifying and generating electricity in future.In this article, technology process, the equipment, technology parameters are designed though listing an engineering instance which gasifying and generating electricity in demostration site by biomass in longjing city jilin province. This technology had been proved measurably, and then the outstanding social benefit and environmental benefit that got from using biomass are forecasted. At same time, the way to open up the resource in our province is that related to building of ecological province; depend on the planning outline of ecological province. Basing on characterizes of biomass in this area, the different way should adopt to be planed and forecast for the four ecological regions in our province.According characterizes of topography and physiognomy in hechengli village, we analyze and account the gross of biomass in this area by using theory from environmental science, environmental ecology. Through surveying the status detailed used by dwellers that lived nearby, we analyze quantitatively the decreasing quantity of soot and sulfur dioxide by using biomass, and then the change in structur of energy and environmental effect.By analyzing the quality of the actuality of our province, it is considered that the using of fossil energy mainly coal is the important reason that making the environmental quality of our province declined in this article. It can decrease the gross of contamination such as soot and sulfur dioxide that emit into atmosphere through changing the using mode and ameliorate the form using energy.Then, we analyses the actuality of biomass structur in our county. It is very important significance for the improvement and the quality of environment of our rural by using biomass resource.更多还原