绿色制造战略环境评价研究

【作者】 陈冲；

【导师】 尚金城；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 科学研究和生产活动使迅速发展的现代工业不断创造着灿烂的物质文明，同时也造成了熵值增加(熵值增大造成自然界混乱无序，即资源危机和环境污染的根本原因)，引起资源枯竭、环境恶化等不良后果。由此人们开始认识到必须放弃传统的高熵工业生产模式而采用低熵生产模式。 制造业是创造社会财富的支柱产业，同时也是人类社会最大的污染源之一。如何使制造业减少资源消耗并尽可能少地产生环境污染是当前环境科学与制造科学研究的一个重要学科交叉领域。绿色制造是可持续发展战略在制造业中的体现，它是制造业的可持续发展模式，也是一种低熵的生产制造模式，是现代企业发展的必由之路。然而，绿色制造概念产生以来，许多发达国家对绿色制造技术的研究，主要侧重在绿色制造的概念和理论的阐述及具体应用方面，而对绿色制造环境评价的研究就很少了，在我国对于绿色制造战略环境评价的研究也尚属空白。 本论文首先介绍了战略环境评价及绿色制造的国内外研究现状、进展以及二者的关系，其间引入了进行绿色制造战略环境评价研究的意义。接着遵循着理论到实践的思维方式，先在第二部分阐述了绿色制造战略环境评价的内涵，并从理论、社会、和技术三个方面探讨了战略环境评价的支撑系统。指出绿色制造战略环境评价的主要理论基础为：可持续发展理论、循环经济学理论和系统科学理论。而从社会的角度讲，应该加强相关法律制度的建设，加强公众的参与及相关人员的培训。此外，绿色制造SEA还要有清洁生产、绿色设计、绿色材料选择等现代技术的支持。论文的第三部分主要是介绍了进行绿色制造战略环境评价的步骤、方法和内容，并在其中依据建立指标的原则给出了进行战略环境评价的指标体系。其中，方法主要是采用生命周期的思想，综合层次分析法和专家咨询以及一些相关的实际调研来进 中文摘要行的。在指标体系中，依据十条原则，确立了六大属性指标，即所制造产品的基本属性指标、环境属性指标、资源属性指标、能源属性指标、经济属性指标和社会属性指标。第四部分进入实践，结合吉林省在建设生态省的规划中提到的，要达到汽车产业绿色化的目标，分析了汽车产业绿色化的内涵以及吉林省作为中国汽车生产的老工业基地要使吉林省汽车产业绿色化的必要性。最后以生命周期评价的思想，运用层次分析法对汽车产业绿色化中很重要的部分，即汽车绿色制造进行了战略环境评价初步的研究分析，建立了汽车绿色制造战略环境评价的指标层结构模型，得出在汽车制造生命周期中存在的主要的环境影响，并针对这几个主要的影响因素探讨了应该采取的相应的措施。在第五章总结了本论文的结论，即绿色制造是可持续发展的核心，绿色制造SEA，是贯彻可持续发展战略，实现社会、经济、环境协调统一的有效和必要的手段。绿色制造SEA无论是对吉林省进行生态省建设中的汽车产业绿色化的目标的实现，还是对于加入＊ 后中国的制造业在世界占有一席之地，保障绿色制造生产方式的实现都起着极其重要的指导和促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scientific research and modern industries have created splendid material culture, at the same time, they have made the value of entropy increased (when the value of entropy is increased, it will lead to the fact that the nature is confused and unordered, namely, it is the basic reason of the resource crisis and the environmental pollution), and caused many bad consequences, such as exhaustion of resources, deterioration of the environment, etc. Therefore, people begin to realize that they must give up the traditional high entropy industrial production model and adopt the low entropy industrial one.The manufacturing is a pillar industry that creates the wealth of society; on the other hand, it is also one of the greatest pollution sources of human society. How to make manufacture reduce resource consume and produce environmental pollution lacking to the best of its ability is an important cross-field of disciplines between environmental sciences and manufacture. Green manufacturing is the embodiment of sustainable development strategy in the manufacture. It is a sustainable development model of manufacture, a mode in production of a kind of low entropy. And it is the only way for modem enterprises to develop further. However, since the concept of Green Manufacturing come into being, the researches of Green Manufacturing in many countries mostly emphasize particularly on the description of the concept, theories and specific application. The works of environmental assessment of Green Manufacturing have been done by few people. In our country, the research of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Green Manufacturing still belongs to the blank too.In this thesis, the author expounds the current research situations and progresses of SEA and Green Manufacturing and the relation betweenIVthem. The importance of Green Manufacturing SEA is also set forth in the first part. Then according to the way of thinking from theory to practice, the connotation and the support systems of Green Manufacturing SEA have been expatiated on. And the support systems of theory, society and technology of Green Manufacturing SEA are discussed. Namely, the theoretical foundations including the theories of sustainable development, circular economy and systematic sciences. The contribution of legal system on Green Manufacturing SEA, the participation of the public and the training of the relative people are emphasized in the society support system. Moreover, modern techniques such as cleaner production, green design, the selection of green materials and so on are also important for Green Manufacturing SEA. The process, method and contents are put forward hi the third part of the thesis. Based on the thoughts of Life Cycle, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Expert Consultation and the study of informatics and practice, a comprehensive integrated method is presented. The key of this part is that the author establishes an index system of Green Manufacturing SEA according to some principles that we must abide by in order to build a scientific and proper index systems. It includes the normal property indexes of products, the environmental indexes, resources indexes, economical indexes and social indexes In the forth part, combines the aim of realizing the green automobile industry which was brought forward in the eco-province planning of Jilin Province, the author analyses the connotation of green automobile industry and the necessities of realizing such goal in Jilin Province. At the end of the part, under the guidance of Life Cycle Appraisal/Assessment (LCA), the Green Manufacturing SEA of automobiles is studied by the means that integrated the Analytic Hietatchy Process (AHP) and Expert Consultation. On the basis of such studies, the index system of Green Manufacturing of automobile manufacturing is built. The important environmental impact factors are got by the application of the method and the index system. And the measurement aiming at theseimpact factors are presented in this part. The last part of the t更多还原