【作者】 张若冰；

【导师】 严建华； 池涌； 岑可法；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 焚烧法处理城市固体废弃物具有显著的减容、减重以及可回收热能等优点，过去的二十多年内在国外得到广泛应用，目前在我国正逐渐得到推广。然而焚烧法易产生二次污染，其中之一就是重金属的污染。由于重金属在焚烧过程中不能被生成和破坏，原生垃圾中所含的重金属在焚烧处理后将分布在底灰、飞灰和烟气中几乎以相同的总量排入环境，若处置不当就会对人类造成危害。 为了系统的开展研究工作，垃圾焚烧重金属污染物的研究被划分为五个阶段。为了准确、高效、简便的监测焚烧产物中的重金属污染物，文中首先参照国内外的常用方法和准则，建立了一套实验室固体废弃物的采样、制样和分析标准。在此基础上，收集了一些典型的城市垃圾组分，分别对其作了工业分析和元素分析，测定了其中重金属汞的含量，分析了我国垃圾中可能的重金属来源。 对垃圾焚烧后的灰中重金属分布特性进行研究。我们系统的采集了垃圾焚烧炉百叶窗飞灰、洗涤塔底灰、测定了灰中相应重金属的含量，并研究了灰的颗粒尺寸分布及其中的重金属分布特性。同时还比较分析了燃煤飞灰、垃圾焚烧飞灰以及煤与垃圾混烧飞灰等几种灰样中重金属的分布特性。 对余杭热电厂的垃圾焚烧工况进行监测，研究不同工况下重金属的分布特性，并通过添加吸附剂，研究对重金属分布特性的影响。结果表明，添加吸附剂可以降低重金属的排放。 我们利用实验室小型管式炉，研究了垃圾焚烧过程中温度、有机氯、无机氯对重金属分布特性的影响。结果表明随燃烧温度的增加以及垃圾中氯含量的增加，重金属及其化合物更易分布在飞灰或烟气中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Having the advantages of remarkable Volume-reduction, Weight-reduction and Energy-recovery, disposing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) by incinerations have been widely used abroad during the past twenty years. Nowadays this technology is being popularized gradually in our country. However, the adverse effect of this method is that it might cause secondary pollution, one of which is Heavy Metal. Because of the reason that Heavy Metal can neither created nor destroyed during incineration, the total amount summed from the final distribution of bottom ash, fly ash and flue gases is usually the same as that concentrated in raw refuse, therefore, if not be disposed properly, it will finally cause damage to environment.Researches on Heavy Metal distribution from MSW incineration are scheduled to be processed with five periods, In order to determine the Heavy Metals concentrated in the final incineration products correctly, efficiently and conveniently, this paper first established a series of standard for Sampling, Preparing and Analyzing the MSW according to the methods and rules adopted by others. Based on these, some typical groups of MSW were collected and analyzed.This paper analyzed the Heavy Metal concentrations, distributions and particle size effects on these ashes sampled systematically from No. 1 Incinerators of Yuhang Power Plant such as band-pass collected ash, scrubber ash. Different distribution characteristics among the ashes from combustion of coal, MSW and co-firing MSW and coal were compared at the same time.The distribution of heavy metals from MSW incinerators under different circumstances and effects of adding absorbents on the distribution had been researched. The results indicated that adding absorption can reduce the emissions of heavy metal elements.Investigate the effects of temperature, organic chloride and inorganic chloride in waste on the partitioning of heavy metals during MSW incineration was studied using a laboratory tube furnace. The results indicated that an increase in the chloride content and combustion temperature might increase the volatility of heavy metals and/or their compounds in the wastes, thus, increasing metal partitioning in the fly ash or the flue gases.更多还原