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红枣发酵酒加工工艺研究

Study on the Processing Technology of Jujuba Dates Fermented Wine

【作者】 杨莉

【导师】 陈锦屏;

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 , 食品科学, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 红枣是中国的特色果品,具有悠久的栽培历史。枣果果肉营养丰富而全面,是一种具有很高营养和药用价值的果品。作为传统的滋补食品,红枣历来深受广大群众的喜爱。我国红枣资源丰富,但目前红枣加工产品形式单一,加工方式落后,产品附加值低。如何丰富红枣产品的种类,提高红枣产品的质量,是食品工作者和广大消费者共同关注的问题,也是帮助枣区有效地实现资源优势一市场优势一经济优势转化的重要前提。 发酵型果酒是在酵母菌的作用下,充分利用水果中的糖分产生酒精而加工制成的低度酒饮料。它不仅能将果实中大部分的营养成分保留下来,而且含有许多微生物代谢合成的有益物质,对人体健康十分有利。 以红枣为原料开发研制发酵型果酒,无疑为我国红枣资源的利用开辟了新的领域,丰富了市场上果酒产品的种类,必将具有广阔的市场前景,带来可观的经济效益。陕西省情报检索中心对红枣发酵酒技术“文献查新”的结果表明,近10年来,国内外未见与本课题研究内容相同的文献报导。本论文立足加工高品质的红枣发酵酒,将加工工艺研究与现代分析手段相结合,主要对红枣发酵酒的浸汁条件,发酵方式,发酵原料,酵母种类,酵母添加量,主发酵温度,SO2添加量,后发酵容器及条件,澄清技术及参数,调配方案,产品稳定性等进行了系统的研究,结果表明: 1.通过水浸提与果浆酶浸提红枣汁的比较研究,发现红枣汁浸提的最佳方法为果浆酶浸提法,浸提条件为:果浆酶加入量为0.08%,加水倍数为7倍,浸提温度为50℃,浸提时间为3h。 2.通过开放式和密闭式两种发酵方式的比较,发现开放式发酵更有利于提高产酒率,降低酒中杂醇油等成分含量,因而确定以开放式发酵为佳。 3.采用干枣和鲜枣作为酿酒原料进行发酵比较研究,发现干枣生产的枣酒色泽诱人,品质上乘,具突出的典型性,因此,干枣是红枣发酵酒理想的酿酒原料。 4.在红枣发酵酒酵母种类选择研究中,对葡萄酒酵母、椭圆啤酒酵母等五种酵母的发酵结果进行比较,结果表明:无论是对酒度的提高,还是控制酒中甲醇和杂醇油等成分的生成,选用葡萄酒酵母均有突出的作用,因而,确定葡萄酒酵母作为红枣发酵酒的最适酿酒酵母。 5.采用单因素实验和多因素实验,研究确定红枣发酵酒的主发酵最佳条件为:葡萄酒酵母添加量为3%,主发酵温度为23℃,SO2添加量为40ppm。 6.通过后发酵期不同容器对红枣发酵酒陈酿效果的比较,发现橡木桶贮酒进行陈 酿更有利于酒体的成熟、酒香的形咸及有害成分含量的降低。因而,确定橡木 桶为红枣发酵酒的陈酿客器. 7.对红枣发酵酒后发酵条件的研究结果表明:采用10—15oC陈酿50天左右是红 枣发酵酒较理想的陈酿条件。 8.在控制红枣发酵酒中甲醇,杂醇油生成的研究中,发现与枣酒中甲醇生成关系 套切的因素是:发酵方式、发酵温度及陈酿容器;与枣酒中杂醇油生成关系密 切的困素是:发酵方式、酵母种类、发酵温度及陈酿容器。 9.在红枣发酵酒澄清技术及工艺参数的研究中,综合考虑到澄清方法对红枣发酵 酒质量的影响,确定红枣发酵酒最佳澄清方法为:0.008%果胶酶一0.13%皂土 澄清法。 10.通过调配实验研究确定红枣发酵酒的调配标准为:酒度(V/V)12%,总糖含量 55 g/l,总酸8 g/l。 11.在红枣发酵酒的稳定性研究中,发现蛋白质不稳定,可通过添加 2 5 omg /l皂土 或加热至75℃保持10。in使其稳定。 12.红枣发酵酒的加工工艺流程为: 红枣一挑选、清洗、破碎一浸汁(0.08%果浆酶,7倍水,50C,3h)一开放 式主发酵(添加40PPPSO;,温度23C,葡萄酒酵母3%)一分离取酒一后发酵(橡 木桶内陈酿,10-15C,50天)一分离除渣一澄清(0.008%果胶酶一0.13%皂土) 一过滤一调配一装瓶

【Abstract】 Jujuba dates is a kind of Chinese special fruit with long history.lt is rich in nutritious material and contains many kinds of physiologically active factor. As far as its high medical and health-care values is concerned, it wins warm praise from people. Fermented wine is made from fruit through the fermenting of yeast, which contains not only nutritious material mostly from fruit but also effective matter from the metabolism of microorganisms. It is helpful to human body’s regimen and health. The exploitation and research of Jujuba dates fermented wine blazes a new trial for the utilization of jujuba dates resources, and will have a good prospect and economic benefit.With study on the processing technology of jujuba dates fermented wine, the thesis makes a systematic research on the basic factors of fermentation, also provides a series of technology parameter for the production of jujuba dates fermented wine. The experiment testifies as following:l.This is the best dates juice extraction method : mixed with water of 7 quantity and 0.08%Pextinex Smash ,then preserved at 50 for 3 hours.2. The fermentation modus of jujuba dates fermented wine is open fermentation.3. Dried Chinese dates is the best stock of jujuba dates fermented wine. It render the wine attractive colour, high quality and distinguished characters.4. S. elhpsodieus is suitable for making the jujuba dates fermented wine.5. This is the best fermentation parameter of jujuba dates fermented wine: fermenting at 23 adding 3% S. ellipsodieits and 40ppm SO2.6. Oak barrels are the best storage vessels for the post-fermentation of jujuba dates fermented wine.lt is beneficial to age wine.form fragrance and descend the content of objectionable constituents.7. The best post-fermentation condition is about 50 days at 10-15 .8. The clarification method of the jujuba dates fermented wine is 0.008% Pectinex 5XL and 0.13% bentonite.9. The mixture program of jujuba dates fermented wine is alcoholic degree (v/v)12%,sugar content 55g/l and acid content 8g/l.m10. The jujuba dates fermented wine can be stabled by adding 250mg/l bentonite or being heated 10 min at 75 "C.11. The optimum technology of jujuba dates fermented wine and its parameter shows as following:Jujuba dates selection, cleaning, mashing extraction(Pectinex Smash 0.08%, with water of 7 quantity,50,3h) open fermentation(S. ettipsodieus 3%, 23, SO2 40ppm) separation post-fermentation(10-15, 50 days, in oak barrels) separation clarification(Pectinex 5XL 0.008% and bentonite 0.13%) filter mixture program -籦ottle

【关键词】 红枣发酵酒加工工艺
【Key words】 Jujuba DatesFermented WineProcessing Technoloy
  • 【分类号】TS262.7
  • 【被引频次】22
  • 【下载频次】1924
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