地图分层矢量化的研究与实现

【作者】 滕树钦；

【导师】 王建宇；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 多年来国内外对地理信息系统的研究开发工作都表明了数据输入是GIS应用和发展的一个最大“瓶颈”，也就是说还没有一个绝对有效而又脱离人工干预的方法对纸制地图各类要素进行自动识别并给予数字化，研究重点基本上是针对某一方面应用而开发的专用系统。本文就这一问题进行了相关的研究与探讨。 论文从地理信息系统领域研究应用的历史和现状入手，简要介绍了三维地理信息系统及其构成，研究了相关的背景与理论知识，如图像分割、模式识别和矢量化技术等等。 论文重点阐述了如何运用计算机图形学、图像处理、可视化编程技术等实现三维地理信息系统等高线要素的数据输入(即提取、预处理、矢量化和网格化生成DEM数据高程模型这几个基本内容)，并提出了地图扫描数据等高线自动识别系统设计的一整套具体方案。设计方案中用HSV模型结合阀值分割法实现等高线提取，使用自动跟踪与手工相结合的方法完成等高线的矢量化，最后采用分量内插法生成DEM数据。所有算法均在使用VC、OpenGL和Oracle开发的地形建模与综合分析软件中得到了实现。该软件具有速度快，界面友好等特点，经过理论分析与实际使用验证，它是一个能满足实际应用需要的地图等高线要素数据输入平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 For many years, research and development of GIS home and abroad show that data entry is the biggest "bottleneck" in application and development of GIS. That is to say, there is no a absolutely effective method that can recognize automatically every ingredient of paper map and digitize it. Special focus is given to the dedicated systems for the applications of certain aspect. In this paper, the subject is researched and discussed.The paper begins with the history and present condition of research and application of GIS. Then 3D GIS and its construct is introduces briefly, and the relevant background and theory are studied, such as picture segmentation, pattern recognition and vectorization technology, etc.It is discussed in detail how to realize the data entry of contour lines(include extraction, pretreatment, vectorization and making DEM) in 3D GIS by using computer graphics, image processing and visualization programming technology, and a complete set of concrete scheme to design a system recognizing automatically contour lines from scanned data of map is put forward. In this scheme, HSV model & threshold segmentation method is used for contour line extraction, and the method combining automatic trace and manually trace is used for vectorization. Finally, we use component interpolation to make DEM data. All algorithms are realized in terrain modeling and synthetically analysis software developed by VC, OpenGL and Oracle. This software is characterized by fastness and friend interface, and is a data entry platform of contour lines in map that can fill need of practical applications verified by theoretical analysis and practical use.更多还原