基于虚拟仪器的现场动平衡测试仪的开发

【作者】 赵科；

【导师】 贺世正； 杨健；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 研究表明，旋转机械的振动主要是由不平衡引起的。因此，对于各类旋转机械，在制造和使用时都要对转子或整机进行严格的动平衡。现场动平衡技术以其方便，高效，低廉的特点取得了越来越广泛的应用。 目前所用的大部分动平衡仪器，仍属传统仪器范畴，虽然已取得了良好的效果，但仍存在某些不足。例如单片机类型的动平衡仪器，因其主芯片性能和存储器容量的限制，对于信号处理的大量数字运算能力不强，小振动信号的测试性能不佳，系统功能的可扩展性有限。 现在，计算机技术和仪器仪表技术的结合，产生了虚拟仪器——基于计算机的采集测试和分析技术，仪器逐渐进入虚拟仪器时代。 为适应现代动平衡的需要，提高测试精度，本文将虚拟仪器技术(Ⅵ)，数字信号处理技术与现场动平衡技术结合起来，利用图形化编程软件LabVIEW，组建开发了基于虚拟仪器技术的现场动平衡测试系统，将动平衡测试技术的开发重点由过去的硬件设计转向数字化测量的软件设计。 与传统动平衡仪相比，木仪器面板更加友好，使用更加方便；可通过采集卡，串口通信两种方式进行数据采集；利用相关原理对采集到的数字信号进行分析处理，提高了测试结果精确度和稳定性，并用软件方法解决了因漏采信号，引起的对信号处理的不良影响；包含多种平衡方法；具有一定的故障诊断能力，可扩展性好；并利用DLL技术实现了LabVIEW应用程序与C++Builder数据库功能的相结合。 经过对风机的单校正面平衡和对双盘单轴转子的双校正平衡实验证明，该仪器平衡效果显著，已达到仪器产品要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been proved that Unbalance defect of rotor is one of the main reasons that cause the vibration of rotating machinery. So the strict dynamic balance on the rotor is needed in its manufactory and use. The field whole-machine balancing method is practically been applying more and more widely because of its high precision, low cost, and fast effect.At present, although have got good effect, the most balancing instruments practically applied still belong to the category of traditional instruments, and have some disadvantages. For example, because of the limit of their CMOS chip performances and the capability of their memorizers, this kind of balancing instruments based on singlechip machine are not fit for large digital operations in signal processing, and have difficult in test faint signal of vibration, and their expansibility are not good.Now, with computers being introduced into electronic measurement field, the virtual instruments (VI), computer acquisition test analysis instruments, was born.In order to fit the demand of dynamic balance and improve the accuracy of the measure result, this paper combined the the technique of virtual instruments with that of field whole-machine dynamic balancing, and a set of dynamic-balancing measuring and test instruments on technique of VI was developed by Lab VIEW.Compared to the traditional dynamic balancing instruments, this instruments has the more friendly soft panel, and can be used more conveniently; has two mode to get digital signal, one is by acquisition clip and the other by series communication; use Crosscorrelation analysis to improve the accuracy of the measure results; use software method to eliminate the bad influence caused by missing signals; have multiple methods of dynamic balance; have some functions of fault-diagnosis; and combined Lab VIEW program with database using DLL.It has been proved that the balancing instrument can be used more conveniently, has complete functions and can obtain satisfying result. So it will be a new product soon.更多还原