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磁悬浮轴承控制器的研究与实现

Research and Realization of the Controller of Active Magnetic Bearings

【作者】 谢黎

【导师】 吴庆宪; 徐龙祥;

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 , 控制理论与控制工程, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 主动磁轴承是一种典型的机电一体化产品,是一种新型的高性能支承部件。其具有无摩擦、无磨损、无需润滑以及寿命长等一系列传统的滚动轴承和滑动轴承所无法比拟的优点。随着主动磁轴承技术逐渐被人们认识和掌握,主动磁轴承将广泛地应用于以下领域:航空航天领域、真空技术领域、机床与高速旋转机械、能源交通等。 主动磁轴承技术是一种高新技术,其研究涉及到电磁学、控制理论、机械学、转子动力学以及计算机科学等多个学科的知识。其中,磁轴承控制器的研究是其中至关重要的一环,控制器性能的好坏影响到磁轴承的动态性能和转子的回转精度,直接关系到磁轴承能否应用。 本文在分析电磁轴承工作原理的基础上,建立了磁轴承系统中转轴的单自由度传递函数模型和四自由度状态方程模型;并根据现代控制理论,进一步设计了适合磁轴承系统的最优输出反馈数字控制器和基于降维观测器的状态反馈数字控制器。影响磁轴承应用的很重要的一个性能指标就是动态刚度,针对对传统的PID控制器控制下的动态刚度太小的问题,对PID控制器进行了改进,提高了在PID控制下磁轴承系统的动态刚度。最后对所设计的最优输出反馈控制器和基于降维观测器的最优状态反馈控制器进行了DSP实现。

【Abstract】 Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is one of typical mechatronic products and a new type-high performance bearing piece. It has the properties of no friction, no fray, dispense with lubricate, lasting life, all extrude excellence above which can’t be seen in traditional roll bearing and sliding bearing. With the technology of AMB is known and mastered gradually, AMB will be applied to these fields far and wide: aviation and space flight, vacuum technology, machine tool and tail-wagging engine, energy source and traffic, and so on.AMB is one of the advanced technology, and the research come down to Electromagnetics, Control Theory, Mechanics, Rotor Dynamics and Computer Science, and so on. The most important field of AMB research is the research of the Controller of The AMB. The performance of the controller affects the dynamic performance of the AMB system and the circumgyratetion precision of the rotor, which is very important to the application of the AMB.This thesis makes base on the analyses of AMB working principium, and establish the mathematic model of single axis AMB system and five axis AMB system for the rotor of the AMB system. According to the Modern Controller Theory, we design the Optimal Output Feedback Digital Controller and the Optimal State Feedback Digital Controller Based on Reduced Observer. One of the most important performance indexes, which affect the industrial application of AMB, is the dynamic rigidity, because the dynamic rigidity of the system, which uses the classical PID controller, is too small, we improve the PID controller. At last, we realize the optimal controller by using the Digital Signal Processor chip (TMS320F240).

  • 【分类号】TP273.5
  • 【被引频次】14
  • 【下载频次】483
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