当前中学生择业心理调查及现状分析

【作者】 蔡丽红；

【导师】 陈庆良；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 对中学生进行职业指导，深入分析中学生升学、择业的心理，了解由此而带来的诸多心理矛盾，并及时有效地调节好中学生的升学、择业心理，对于促进他们的健康成长，顺利度过人生的关键时期，为社会主义现代化建设培养大批各级各类的合格人才，具有十分重要的意义。本研究主要采用华中师范大学心理学系郑波、龙立荣等修订的《ACT职业兴趣问卷》及相关背景因素问卷作为测试工具对贵阳、江西、南京三地部分中学高二及高三年级的学生共430人进行了测查，目的是了解当前中学生的择业心理特点及当前普通教育中职业指导状况。研究结果表明： (1)在总体上，中学生的职业兴趣比较广泛，在工作类别的六个维度上的得分较接近一致，男生和女生均不喜欢做传统类的工作，即不喜欢单独跟数据和物打交道。 (2)中学生的职业兴趣在性别上的差异是比较显著的，表现为在工作类别上女生比男生更偏爱于从事艺术类、和社会类的工作，男生比较偏向研究类和现实类。男女生在R、I、A、S四个职业类别上存在着显著性差异。 (3)中学生职业兴趣在社会类(S)、企业类(E)、艺术类(A)、研究类(I)四个维度无显著年级差异，而在传统类(C)、现实类(R)二个维度上存在一定的年级间差异。 (4)独生子女与非独生子女在现实类、艺术类、企业类这三个维度上存在显著性的差异，即非独生子女与独生子女相比较而言更倾向于从事农业、运输、制图等更实际的一类工作，而独生子女对艺术类的职业的兴趣远高于非独生子女。 (5)目前中学生择业标准多从自身因素出发，以发挥个人特长、个人兴趣爱好、职业的经济收入作为选择职业的第一标准的人数百分比较高，把社会需要放在首位的比例较低，大多数学生没有把社会需要作为首要考虑的因素，而是把符合个人特长兴趣和名利作为首要因素来考虑。在名牌学校与自己喜欢的专业之间，选择名牌学校的学生占35.7％以上，这是中学生职业选择的主导。 (6)当前普通中学的职业教育状况亟待加强。对学生进行过切实行效的职业指导的学校在总调查数中占的比率相当小，有的学校甚至明确拒绝笔者的调查和访谈。 (7)中学生对职业问题的态度令人堪忧。对于自己将来要从事什么样的职业的问题，回答从未考虑或认为还不到考虑的时候的学生占29.2％左右。 (8)中学生与父母在职业问题上缺乏交流，在这个问题上选择从未与父母讨论过有关职业选抒方面的问题的学生人数占11.8％，只有27.6％的学生是经常和父母进行有关职业方面问题的讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is of treat importance to give an occupation guidence to middle school students,to analyze the psychology of their further study and occupation selection.to understand the various ps~chological contradictions due to both of them,and to adjust their psychology effectively in time in order to make theni grow up in good heal(kpass the critical period of their life successfully and to cultivate a great number of various qualified talents for our socialist modernizatioii.this paper mainly makes use of "Act questionaire of occupation tendencies" revised by Zlieng bo and Long lirong in psychological Department of Middle China Normal University and some questionaires of related background factors to make an investigation 430 Grade Two and Grade Three students of senior middle schools in Gui~ang,Jiangxi and Nanjin province in order to understand their psychological features of occupation-selecting and the current situations of occupation-guidance in general cducation.thc results of the investigation arc as follows:I.In gcncral.thc middle school students wide range of intcrcsts in occupation-selecting have been displayed by each close score in six dimensions of occupational catcgories.Neither boys nor girls like taking up traditional jobs,that is they dciii like l~aving contact with data and objects on their own;2.There are distinct gender differences in their occupational interests.GirIs prefer artistic and social jobs and boys prefer research and realistic jobs.There are distinct gender differences in the four dimensions of R.LA and S;3.There is no distinct grade differences in (S) of enterprise (E) of art (A) of research (I),while there are certain grade differences in (C)of tradition (R) of rcality;4.Onh-chitd and non-only-child have distinct differences in(R),(E)and(S).Non-only-child prefers taking up the occupations such as agriculture,transportation and chart-making etc.on the other hand,only-child has higher interests in taking up the artistic occupations than non-only-child;5.Their occupation-selecting standards start from their o~vn demands.The proportion of the students who in the first place put their own advantages and hobbies and interests and the income is higher than those ~~ho put the social demands in the first place.Most of students don’t consider the social demands as the first factor,but their own advantages and interests and fame and weath.between the leadly univcrsitvs and their tnajors,35.7%students prefer the fornier:~vhich is dominant in their occupation-selecting:6.The carrent situation of the conimoti occupational education in middle school is wornl .there is small of the schools that have given the students practial and effective.sonie of them even refused to accept an invcstgatton or an interview:7.Their attitudes toward occupations cause a lot of ~vorrv. Whet the students asked what kind of occupation they were going to take.almost 29.2% students answered that they had never thought over it or thought that it was not time for them to consider it:8.The students have little communication with their parents on the problems of occupations. 11.8% students have not talked about it with their parents and only 27.6% students oflcn communicate ~vith their parents on it.更多还原