油轮静电防爆智能控制系统

【作者】 王琦；

【导师】 高剑平；

【作者基本信息】 上海海运学院 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 油轮静电，对油轮的安全营运是极大的潜在危险因素。在油品的装卸，运输及油轮的洗船过程中。众多潜在的因素会导致静电引燃引爆，由于其产生机理复杂具有极大的偶然性且缺乏再现性，所以目前国内外油轮的各种生产作业过程都是按照一定的安全法规，技术规则或严格的操作规程执行。本文从控制的角度出发，提出一个基于模糊逻辑的油轮静电防爆监控系统。其方法是利用模糊逻辑控制的优点，不需建立精确的数学模型，根据专家的经验，油轮安全规则制定出各危险因素（如水温，水压，氧气浓度，压力，温度等）的模糊隶属函数和一系列的控制规则，利用模糊逻辑（MIN－MAX）来处理各种模糊信息，使整个推理过程运算简单易于实现。同时还辅之以神经网络（B—P算法），对不能直接现场测得的因素（舱内电位，电场强度），用离线神经网络进行预测，为模糊控制服务，从而达到对各种危险因素的监控，达到防患于未然的控制目的。文中结合现场总线技术，设计了集散式控制系统。数据采集和通信由安装在现场的智能模块完成，对现场采集的数据进行实时的控制，简化了系统结构，增强了可靠性，实现过程自动化控制，将事故发生率降低至最小。还分别对系统在洗舱，装卸两种状态下进行了基于实验数据的计算机控制模拟，并取得良好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Static electricity is a very dangerous potential factor to the safety of oil tankers. And many potential factors may give rise to electrostatic ignition or electrostatic explosion in the process of loading, unloading or shipping oil cargoes or during the course of washing tanks. So far all kinds of operations on oil tankers are carried out in accordance with specific safety regulations, technical rules or strict operation rules both at home and abroad because such accidents are complicated, accidental and unrepresentable.This dissertation, from the viewpoint of control, is aimed to set up a fuzzy-logic-based supervising system to prevent electrostatic explosion of oil tankers. This system makes use of the advantages of fuzzy logic, and needs not to set up an accurate mathematics model. According to specialists?experience, such dangerous factors as water temperature, water pressure, oxygen density in the tank, the temperature and pressure of water vapor, ect. As well as control rules are made out in safety regulations for oil tankers. By using fuzzy logic (MIN-MAX reasoning), all sorts of fuzzy information are processed so as to simplify the control procedure in addition to realize it.At the same time, neural networks (back-propagation algori-thm) is applied to calculate the dangerous factors (the voltage and the electric field intensity in tanks) which can not be measured on the spot, and to aid fuzzy FDcontrol. Thus the dangerous factors can be supervised and controlled, and electrostatic explosion is prevented. Based on field-bus control system (FCS), an intelligent monitor system is designed in which intelligent modes are used to complete data collection, simultaneous supervision and communication. This method simplifies the structure of the monitor and control system, enhances its reliability and has realized whole-process control, therefore greatly decreases the possibility of accident.Furthermore, simulations computer test based on test data has been carried out in the two procedures of cargo loading and unloading and has shown very encouraging results.更多还原