温室自动控制系统的设计

【作者】 王国美；

【导师】 杨青； 卢博友；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 机械设计与理论， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 我国从国外引进的自动控制温室，由于控制的侧重点与我国气候条件不相匹配，且引进价格昂贵，运行费用高，因此难于在我国大规模推广和应用。目前，国内自行设计、自行建造的温室，大部分控制水平较低，现代化管理水平不高，不能满足作物全年高产栽培的要求，有些只能实现对部分环境因子的控制，在控制过程中没有考虑环境因子之间的相互影响、相互耦合关系；有些还需要人工控制。这些因素都极大地制约了温室经济效益的发挥。改变传统的控制方式，实行计算机监控，建立符合我国国情的温室自动化控制系统，对加快我国温室生产的现代化水平及提高温室的经济效益均具有重要意义。 作者在总结前人研究的基础上，分析了温室系统的环境参数、综合控制特性、以及温室控制过程这个非线性、大滞后的复杂过程；在分析现有温室监控系统模式及单片机特点的基础上，综合运用传感器技术、模糊控制理论、通讯技术和微型计算机技术，自行设计了一个实用的温室环境自动控制系统，可以实现对温室环境各参数的监控。 本系统硬件由上级机和下级机两部分组成。上级机为PC微型计算机，它是整个监控系统的指挥中心，与下级机通过串行通信接口电路RS-232相连，实现对温室的统一管理和控制。在环境监控方面，应用模糊控制技术与理论，对温室这种非线性、滞后大的系统进行监控，能够实现作物对温室环境的要求。下级机的核心部件是MCS—96系列中的8098单片机，由它完成对温室环境参数的采集、预处理、控制以及与上级机之间的数据通信。 系统软件由两部分组成。上级机软件用VB开发，主要由系统参数设定模块、传感器标定曲线程序模块、控制参数设定模块、模糊控制总表确定模块、数据实时采集监控模块、历史数据再现模块、帮助文件模块等7大模块组成，每个模块都有一定的功能，并且相互独立。下级机软件用8098单片机汇编语言开发，主要由主程序模块、发送中断服务程序模块，接收中断服务程序模块、采样周期确定模块、数据采集程序模块、数据处理程序模块等6大模块组成。通过模拟实验的验证，整个系统操作方便、容错能力强、效率高且容易扩展，通用性、适用性都较强，为实现温室环境的多因素控制系统设计奠定了一定的技术基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 AbstractClimate conditions, control emPhases of auomatic control greenhousesintroduced from abroad are different from these in home and the introducingand production cost of them is so high,so it is difficult to pOPularize and usecosmically .At presed, in greenhouses designed and built in home itself, thedegree of environment control and modern management of most of them is solow,so thcy cannot satisfy crops’ demand for high production and planing alIthe year; some can only cap oot cofltrol on partial environrnent factorswithout considering mutua1 affect and couPling of them in the process ofcontrol: some still need manual cOfltrol: so these factors greatly restrictexertion of economic benefit of greenhouses. Changing traditional modes ofcontrOl, practicing comPuter monitoring and establishing greenhouseautomatic monitoring system accord with the situation of China haveimPortan meaning for quickening modem degree of greenhouse productionin our country and increasing benefit of greenhouses.Based on summarizing formers’ researches, the paPer analyzesenvironmental parameters, the integrative control proPerty of greenhousesystems and the control process Which is a nonlineap delay and comPlicatedsystem: Based on analyzing modes of current greenhouse monitoringsystems and properties of single-chip microcomputers, a practical alltomaticmonitoring system for greenhouse environment is designed which can realizethe monitoring of every parameter in greenhouse environmeflt bysynthetically using sensor technology fuZZy control theory communicationtechnology and microcomputer technologyThe system hardware is comPosed of tWo parts: a lower-level and ahigher-level computer. The higher-level comPuter is a PC microcomPuter,which is the headquarter of the system and finishes the unified managementand control of a greenhouse by way of COM port RS-232 connecting with thelower-level compllter. In monitoring environmellt, the system can finishmonitoring for this nonlinear and delay system and realize crops’ demand forgreenhouse environment by using fuZZy control theory and technology .Thecentral component of the lower-level comPuter is 8098 single-chipmicrocomputer of MCS-96 series, which is used to collect, pretreat, controIand communicate with the higher-level computer.The system software consists of two parts .The higher-level software is developed by VB and composed of seven modules of setting system parameters, demarcating sensors, ascertaining fuzzy control table, connecting and monitoring real-time data, recurring to history data and help, and each module has certain function and each other is independent from others. The lower-level software is developed by 8098 assemble language and composed of six modules of a main program, a sending and interrupting service program, a receiving and interrupting service program, ascertaining a sampling cycle, connecting data and pretreating data. Simulative experiment shows that the whole system is convenient to operate, high efficient, easy to expand, has better adaptability and universal property and establishes certain base for realizing control system design with many factors in greenhouse environment.更多还原