中国野生葡萄种质资源描述标准及其计算机管理的研究

【作者】 阮仕立；

【导师】 李华；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以分布于湖北省郧西县境内19个乡（镇），54个村（组）的180多个野生葡萄株系为实验材料，对该县野生葡萄的植物形态学特征、果实性状、物候期，葡萄资源描述国际标准和国内标准与野生葡萄的适应性，以及野生葡萄资源信息的计算机管理进行了系统研究。结果如下：野生葡萄的各类器官（梢尖、幼叶、成龄叶、叶脉、节与节间、果实）的颜色性状差异很大，颜色的类型因葡萄种类、器官类型、器官发育时期不同而异，基本可分为23种颜色。现行葡萄描述标准远不能适应野生葡萄的实际，初步建议对颜色性状进行系统分类、统一编码、并制定色谱图，以便中国野生葡萄的研究。不同种类野生葡萄的各类器官表面绒毛特征差异也很大。其类型多达11种。现行标准同样不能适应其实际情况，建议对现行标准中绒毛描述项目进行修订，把绒毛描述项目——直立毛、平卧毛改为绒毛分布类型，绒毛分布密度，并遵循IBPGR标准按9级分类制对后者进行描述。不同种类野生葡萄的卷须分叉特征明显不同。郧西地区野生葡萄的卷须分叉类型有两种：一次分叉型（Y型）和二次分叉型（只有第一次分叉中的其中一个分枝再进行二次分叉）。卷须分叉属于一次分叉的葡萄种类有华东葡萄、复叶葡萄；属于二次分叉型的有毛葡萄、桑叶葡萄、秋葡萄。建议在描述标准中增设卷须分叉类型描述项目。在野生葡萄描述性状中，梢尖颜色（OIV 002,003）、卷须分布类型、叶型变化、成龄叶背绒毛（OIV 084,085）、成龄叶大小（OIV 065）、梢尖绒毛（OIV 004,005）、锯齿基本形状、果实紧密度（OIV 204）等对郧西野生葡萄分类具有很重要的价值。叶柄绒毛、卷须长度（OIV 017）、叶形（OIV 067）、叶裂数（OIV 068）、叶柄长（OIV 092）等具有比较重要的分类价值。野生葡萄的成龄叶结构特性，可用来区分不同种类的野生葡萄。利用主成分分析法可将27个叶结构变量分为3类，其中15个叶结构变量，可作为葡萄分类及鉴定的有效指标，也可作为葡萄种类识别的基础。基于现行葡萄资源描述标准,结合郧西野生葡萄的实际情况,提出了适合中国野生葡萄资源的记载与描述标准建议案。基于葡萄资源描述评价国际标准、国内标准与野生葡萄的实际情况，以WINDOWS 98为开发平台，VISUAL FOXPRO 6.0为开发工具初步建立了郧西野生葡萄资源信息管理系统，该系统共有字段描述信息数据库、基本信息（护照信息）数据库、新梢卷须信息数据库、幼叶信息数据库、成熟叶信息数据库、叶结构信息数据库、花序果实信息数据库、种子信息数据库、物候期信息数据库、抗逆性信息数据库的等10个子库。用户可实现库体维护、数据浏览、存储、修改、编辑、查询、打印，并能够对基库进行结构模块扩充、加载外挂程序。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on the Description standard and Computerized Management of Wild Grapevine Germplasm Resources Native to ChinaPostgraduate: Ruan Shili Tutor:Prof. Li Hua(College of Enology, Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100) In this paper, we have carried out a systematic research for wild grape botanical morphological characteristic, fruit properties, phenological phases and adaption of international and domestic descriptors to wild grapevine. Computer information management system of wild grapevine resources is specially studied, using about 180 wild clones from 19 different countrysides, 54 villages of Yunxi, Hu Bei province. The color of wild grapevines’ different organs （including shoot tip, young leaf, mature leaf, vein, node, internode and fruit） varied greatly. Its types differ in grape species, organs and growing phases, and also can be classified basically to 23 strains. Present descriptors couldn’t adapt to the practicality of wild species, so we suggest that color properties be plotted systematically, uniformly coded and chromatogram be established, so as to facilitate the study of wild grapevine native to China. The differences of floss characteristic growing on organs’ surface is also distinct. There have 11 kinds of floss for wild species. Present descriptors must be revised in order to adapt the nature of wild grapevine. We proposed that initial floss description items （erect hair, prostrate hair） could be emended to floss type and floss distribution intensity, and enneametric systematics is recommended to describe the latter item according to IBPGR descriptors.Tendril forfication also vary obviously with different wild grapevine. There have two forfication types for wild grapevine in Yunxi, one of them called "once forfication" （Y model）, another called "secondary forfication" （only one of first forfication ongoing second divarication）.Wild grapevines whose Tendril forfication type belong to the former have: V. pseudorticulata W.T. Wang, V. piasaezkii Maxzim.;while those type belong to the latter have: V. Quinquanularis Rehd, V. ficifolia Bunge and V. romaneti Roman.. And tendril forfication type is recommended be added to the present descriptors.Among the grapevine description character, color of shoot tip（OIV 002,003）,tendrils distribution type,changing of leaf type,hair on lower surface of mature leaf（OIV 084,085）,size of mature leaf（OIV 065）,hair on shoot tip（OIV 004,005）,basic shape of teeth, bunch density（OIV 204） are very important in wild grapevine taxonomy native to Yunxi.Hair on petiole, tendrils length（OIV 017）,leaf shape（OIV 067）,number of lobes（OIV 068）,petiole length（OIV 092） have less important taxonomy value. <WP=8>The mature leaf architecture properties can be used to distinguish different wild grapevine. Twenty-seven leaf architecture variables can be classified to three sorts by using principal component analysis. Among them, 15 variables can be used to efficient indexes for wild grapevine classification and identification, and also for the basis of wild grapevine discrimination.Basing on existing descriptors of grapevine resources and actual instance of Yunxi, we put forward a standard for recording and description suited to wild grapevine native to Yunxi.Wild Grapevine Resources Information Management System （WGRIMS） of Yunxi is accidencely established using Visual FoxPro 6.0 as tools and Windows 98 as platform, basing on the international and domestic descriptors and the practicality of wild grapevine. The database has 10 subschema including fields description database, basis information（passport information）database, shoot and tendrils database, young leaf database, mature leaf database, leaf architecture database, inflorescence and fruit database, seed information database, phenological phases database, adversity resistances database. Consumers can carry out database structure maintenance, data browsing, storing, amending, editing, inquiring, printing,更多还原