基于RS和GIS的黄河三角洲海岸线动态变化监测与模拟预测研究

【作者】 常军；

【导师】 张林泉； 刘高焕；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河三角洲地区环境演变快速而复杂，而这在很大程度上取决于该地区海岸线的淤进蚀退。遥感（RS）技术作为一种监测手段，与地理信息系统（GIS）技术相结合，对于准确及时地从宏观上研究黄河三角洲海岸线的动态演变非常有效。基于这一背景，应用RS与GIS技术集成对黄河三角洲海岸线近期的演变情况进行研究，不仅可以为黄河口治理提供依据，而且可以为黄河三角洲地区实施可持续发展战略服务。 本文以多时相遥感影像数据、地形数据、水文统计数据等为主要数据源，以RS与GIS技术为支撑，对1976年以来黄河三角洲海岸线的演变开展动态监测研究，着重研究了以下几个方面的内容： （1）海岸线动态监测研究。在比较两种基于遥感数据的海岸线提取方法可行性的基础上，运用一般高潮线法提取海岸线，通过GIS叠加分析深入剖析了黄河口地区、钓口河口地区海岸线的演变过程，并简要分析了海岸线的演变规律及其影响因素。海岸线动态监测是全部工作的基础，也是贯穿全文的主线。 （2）黄河口来水来沙条件与海岸线演变关系分析。首先对黄河口来水来沙特征进行分析，然后以动态监测数据为依据，与水文统计资料相结合探讨了黄河口来水来沙与海岸线淤积、侵蚀的关系，最后对未来黄河来水来沙条件与海岸线的演变进行了简要分析。 （3）海岸线三维模拟显示。根据地图三维模拟显示原理，生成了黄河三角洲陆地与近海DEM，并将之与遥感影像相叠合，完成了黄河三角洲1984年海岸线的模拟显示。 （4）海岸线演变灰色模型的构建。利用动态监测数据建立海岸线演变灰色模型，完成了对黄河口、钓口河口海岸线形态的变化预测，反映了黄河三角洲海岸线的演变趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environment evolution of the Yellow River Delta is rapid andcomplicated, and it chiefly lies on the change of the coastline. As a kind ofmonitoring method, Remote Sensing technology was combined with GeographicInformation System (GIS), which is a very useful tool for studying the dynamicevolution of the coastline in the Yellow River Delta. Under this background, thestudy on the recent evolution of the coastline there through the intergration ofRemote Sensing and GIS can not only provide the foundation to harness thebayou but also serve for the sustainable development of the Delta.Under support of remote sensing and GIS, multi-temporal Remote Sensingdata, terrain data and hydrological data were applied to the study on thecoastline evolution of the Delta since 1976, which includes following parts:(1)Study on the dynamic monitoring of the coastline. In this section theevolution process of the coastline in the bayou area and Diaokou bayou area wasanalysed through overlay analysis of GIS. Furthermore, the evolution rules andthe enfluence factors were also analysed briefly. In a word, the dynamicmonitoring of the coastline is the basis of this study.(2)Correlation analysis of the water and sand sedimentation and thecoastline evolution. On the basis of the monitoring data , the relations wasanalysed by the combination of remote sensing data and coastline data with theIIhydrological data, and then gave out a forecasting of future development ofcoastline in the river mouth area.(3)3D simulating display of the coastline. Based on the principle of 3Dmapping, the Digital Elevation Model was generated and the simulating displayof the coastline in 1984 was completed in this section.(4)Build up the grey models about the coastline evolution. By the use ofthe grey models, the forecasting of the coastline configuration was finished,which reflect the trend of the coastline evolution.更多还原