【作者】 熊炜；

【导师】 郭熙汉；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学·数学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 学生的中心任务是学习，学习的成功与失败对学生全面素质的发展起着极为重要的作用。我们在长期的教育教学工作实践中发现，学生的基础知识和智力水平的高低直接影响着学生的数学学习，但是除了智力水平和知识水平以外，还有其他因素在数学学习中起着重要作用。那么，影响学生数学学习的因素有哪些？数学学业优良学生与学业不良学生存在哪些差异，差异形成的原因是什么？针对这些差异及差异形成的原因，采取什么样的措施，改进我们的教学，转化学业不良学生等是本文所要探讨的问题。 本文采用教育调查研究方法开展了对高中学生数学学习适应性状况的调查研究。调查结果表明数学学业优良学生与不良学生在学习适应性水平上存在差异，主要体现在以下几个方面，学业不良学生在学习态度（学习兴趣、学习计划、听课方法）及学习策略（读书和笔记方法、学习方法、应试方法）等方面与优良学生比较存在极显著差异，另外在家庭环境及学习毅力方面也存在显著差异。 本文根据调查结果，分析了差异产生的原因，主要有教学因素的影响，教材因素的影响，环境因素的影响等。描述了在数学学习过程中，数学学业不良学生的主要特征是：学习方法障碍、思维障碍、意志障碍、态度障碍。重点阐述了对数学学业不良学生的诊断和教育对策，针对数学学业优良学生与学业不良学生所存在的差异及差异形成的原因，我主要采取以下措施：第一，通过家访改善学生的家教环境，端正其学习态度；第二，在教育教学中注重教学方法和教学艺术性，激发不良学生的学习动机和学习兴趣；第三，在教育教学中注重培养学生的意志品质；第四，尊重、爱护、信任不良学生，培养良好的师生感情；第五，在教育教学中，注重对不良学生进行学法指导等，如指导学生制订计划，指导学生预习、听课、复习、作业的方法，指导学生记笔记，问问题的方法等。通过一年的教育教学实践，提高了学生的学习适应性水平，出现不良学生转化，中生优化的局面。 社会的发展是迅速的，形成学生学业不良的原因也越来越多样化，转化不良学生是大面积提高教学质量的关键，也是一项长期的、系统的工程，它还有许多问题有待解决，如不良学生的心理问题，青春期问题的处理，气质特点因人而异，如何因材施教等等，这就需要我们教师不断研究学业不良学生的实际情况及变化，将本调查结果不断完善，以期取得更好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The major task of the students is studying and whether they succeed or fail in study plays a great role in the full-scrape development of the students?quality. In our long-term education practices that we discover rudimentary knowledge and the level of the student抯 intelligence quality affect the mathematics studying of the students directly. However, apart from the influence of IQ level and knowledge level, there are other factors that influence the studying of math. Then, what are the factors that influence the studying of mathematics? What are the differences between the students who are should at mathematics and those who are poor at math, and what are the causes of these difference? In accordance with these differences and the causes, this thesis discuss the problems of what measure should we take. To improve our teaching and to progress those students whose mathematics are poor. This thesis launches an investigation and research. On the state of the adaptation by the senior middle school students in studying mathematics, by the way of educational survey and research. The results of the survey shows that the differences do exist between the students who car good at mathematics and those who are poor at mathematics, and they are mainly reflected in the following aspects: there are share differences in the attitude of studying (the interest of studying, the study plan, the way of listening to the teachers) and the learning strategies (the way of reading and taking notes, the way of learning, the way of dealing with the tests) between the students who are poor at mathematics and those who are good at it, moreover, there are sharp differences in family environment and the willpower of learning. According to the results of the surveys this thesis analyzes the causes of the differences mainly including the influence education factors, teaching material ii \~j7 ~ MASTERS THESIS factors, environment factors and so on. It also decibels the main characterizes of students whose mathematics is poor. In the process of learning mathematics they have several obstacles such as method obstacle, thinking obstacle, will obstacle and attitude obstacle. It stresses the way of diagnosing and education these students. In accordance with the differences and the cause of the differences between students whose mathematics in excellent and students whose mathematics is poor I suggest to take the following measures: First, improve the student抯 family environment by visiting to his parent and rectify his attitude of study; Second, pay attention to teaching methods and teaching art throughout the process of the education, and arouse the motive and interest of student who are not good at studying; Third, lay stress on fostering students?will power when teaching; Forth, respect, cherish and trust the student whose study is not very good, and build good relationship with them; Fifth, give guidance to the students who one poor at mathematics, such as making plans, taking notes, cooking questions, and also guidance on previewing the lessons, listening to the teacher抯 lecture, reviewing and doing homework. Through a whole year抯 education practice, the student抯 adaptation of study has improved. There appears an aspect that students who are poor at mathematics make much mores and cuerage students更多还原