【作者】 赵少华；

【导师】 赵征；

【作者基本信息】 天津轻工业学院 ， 食品科学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文对用异丙醇代替正己烷浸出大豆油，花生油和棉籽油的工艺及能量回收进行了研究。目的是在保证安全、低消耗情况下用异丙醇浸出高品质的油脂和粕。 通过实验，对比了异丙醇和正己烷浸出的油脂和粕的质量。异丙醇浸出的大豆油脂含磷脂0.1％，游离脂肪酸0.09％，豆粕的蛋白质分散指数为61；正己烷浸出的大豆油脂含磷脂2.1％，游离脂肪酸0.7％，豆粕的蛋白质分散指数为14。异丙醇浸出的棉籽油不含游离棉酚和黄曲霉毒素，棉籽饼粕中游离棉酚残留0.013％，黄曲霉毒素残留0.0002％。异丙醇浸出的花生油含游离脂肪酸0.45％，花生粕含油3.4％，蛋白质43.1％，灰分6.5％。 异丙醇浸出的油脂和粕的质量比正己烷好，使用与正己烷相同的浸出条件，则溶剂比高达2.5:1；同时蒸发回收异丙醇所需的能量消耗是正己烷的5倍。为了降低溶剂比和回收异丙醇的能量消耗，引进了膨化预处理，冷却分离混合油，循环分离后的混合油上相液和膜过滤。浸出溶剂比达到1:1。 在可接受的费用范围内膜过滤使异丙醇达到93％以上的纯度。蒸发1kg的87.7％异丙醇需能量865.2kj，冷却分离仅需43.26kj，这是蒸发能量的5％。冷却分离，然后用硅橡胶膜进行过滤的方法从混合油中回收溶剂，再把浸出前使物料干燥到3.5％的水分含量的能量消耗计算在内，异丙醇冷却回收过程可节约22％的能量。 异丙醇的易燃性和易爆性低于正己烷，浸出的油和粕的质量较好，因此，在采用膨化预处理，冷却分离混合油，循环上相液和膜过滤回收异丙醇的条件下，异丙醇代替正己烷作为浸出溶剂是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research was conducted for the processing technology and energy recycling to evaluate isopropyl alcohol as an alternative of hexane for extraction soybean, peanut and cottonseed oils. The object was to extract high quality oil and meal by isopropyl alcohol at low costs and high safety. The quality of oil and meal of isopropyl alcohol extraction were compared with those of hexane. The soy oil extracted by isopropyl alcohol comprised 0.1% lecithin, 0.09% free fatty acid, the Protein Dispersion Index (PDI) of soy meal was 61; the hexane extracted soy oil comprised 2.1% lecithin, 0.7% free fatty acid, the PDI of soy meal was 14. The cotton seed oil extracted by isopropyl alcohol did not comprised free cotton hydroxybenzene and aflatoxin, there were 0.013% free cotton hydroxybenzene and 0.0002% aflatoxin in the meal. The peanut oil extracted by isopropyl alcohol comprised 0.45% free fatty acid, the meal comprised 3% water, 3.4% oil, 43.1% protein and 6.5% ash. The oil and meal quality of isopropyl alcohol extracted were better than hexane extracted. The solvent ratio would be 2.5 1, if the extraction condition was the same as hexane, which needed 5 times energy to recycle the isopropyl alcohol. For detracted the solvent ratio and energy for recycling the solvent, the expanding, chilling separating miscella, recycling tip-phase and the membrane filtration. The resulted ratio was 1:1. 3 By membrane filtration isopropyl alcohol was concentrated to more than 93% at acceptable costs. 865.2kj energy was needed to evaporate 1 kg 87.7% isopropyl alcohol water azeotrope, only 43.26kj was needed for chilling, equivalent to 5% of that of evaporation. Plus the expense of drying collets to 3.5% moisture before extraction, 22% energy was saved by used chilling separation and membrane filtration. isopropyl alcohol was not prone to fire and explosion compared with hexane. Better qualities of oil and meal were resulted by isopropyl alcohol extraction. Base on the expanding, chilling separation, recycling up-phase and membrane filtration, isopropyl alcohol is feasible as a replacement solvent for hexane.更多还原