【作者】 田利；

【导师】 强昌文；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国市场经济体制的不断深入,社会分层的不断加剧,以经济贫困为特点的弱势群体逐渐突显出来,并日益成为影响和谐稳定和经济发展的重大问题。因此加强对经济上弱势群体的保护是构建和谐社会、促进社会发展的必然要求。而司法制度作为平衡与协调阶层利益最有效、最可靠的“社会调整器”,对经济上弱势群体的保护,发挥着独特而又巨大的作用,通过对经济上弱势群体的利益进行适当的补偿,帮助他们实现生存和发展的愿望,赋予他们个人发展的机会,使其权益真正得到落实和保障,既是社会公平、法律正义的体现,也是社会发展的应有之义。法律语境中的弱势群体既包括经济贫困群体,也包括权利贫困和能力贫困群体。而其中经济贫困是弱势群体的主要特征,经济是个人从事社会活动的基础,一切社会活动离不开经济的支撑。经济上的强势使得个人能够拥有更多的机会参与到社会政治、文化及社交活动中,从而赢得较高社会评价以及更多的发展机会。相反经济的弱势带来在精神资料的享有和政治权利的获取方面都处于缺失或贫瘠的状态。因此加强对经济上弱势群体的保护不仅是其权利保护的前提和基础,也是维持其生存状态的基本要求。司法保护是经济上弱势群体权益保护的最后一道防线,其在维护国家司法公正、促进社会和谐稳定上发挥着重大作用。然而在现实生活中我国对经济上弱势群体司法保护仍存在一些问题,需要进一步加以改进和完善。在立法环节中,宪法和法律虽从不同程度对经济上弱势群体进行法律保护,但是由于立法的模糊性、不明确性,使的司法救济的相关法律法规缺乏可操作性。在司法权运作中,办案周期长、司法效率低、司法腐败的现象仍时有发生,不仅使经济上弱势群体的权益得不到有效的保护,还使其生活进一步陷入困窘。在法律的实际运作过程中,由于诉讼成本的高额,个别乱收费现象仍在继续,使得经济上弱势群体的权益遭受肆意的践踏时而无法踏进司法保护的门槛,此种情绪的累积下,易导致经济上的弱势群体采取极端的发泄方式,最终走向犯罪的道路。因此寻求多层次的保护和情感诉求渠道是不仅经济上弱势群体的迫切需求也是公平正义的必然要求。根据我国权力制衡理论得出：没有监督的权力必然导致腐败,然而对于司法领域里的工作人员来说,亦是如此。在司法理论上,完善司法监督机制是实现司法公正、保障司法独立、限制司法机关工作人自由裁量权以及防治司法腐败的必然要求,这为完善对经济上弱势群体司法保护机制提供了实践基础。健全对经济上弱势群体的司法保护机制。首先,应不断的完善法律援助的立法,使更多的弱势群体纳入法律保护的轨道。其次,明确人大、党政机关以及检察机关的监督职责、监督规范,缩短办案周期,提高司法效率；对司法权进行有力的监督,惩罚司法腐败；提高司法机关工作人员保护弱势群体的意识,形成向经济上弱势群体倾斜的司法氛围。再次,畅通经济上弱势群体的利益和情感的诉求渠道,发展与完善替代性纠纷解决机制以弥补诉讼之不足,有利于方便当事人参与、降低诉讼成本等特点,从而实现对经济上弱势群体多层次的保护。最后,主要通过完善其他社会条件来实现司法保护的有效运作,逐步建立起对经济上弱势群体行之有效的司法保护机制。总之,对经济上弱势群体的司法保护是一项系统而复杂的工程,涉及到社会各个方面利益的调整以及要素的整合。要紧紧围绕我国对经济上弱势群体特殊保护的原则,努力实现司法公正。同时不仅要从我国国情出发,结合现阶段当今社会的政治、经济、文化和法治建设的实际,更需要经济上弱势群体的自身努力和发展,共同构建和完善我国对经济上弱势群体司法保护的体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the developing of China’s market economy and social stratification growing, the vulnerable groups of economic poverty become very popular; this issue not only influences our social stability, but also hinders our economic development. Thus it is an urgent requirement to strengthen the protection of vulnerable groups of economic poverty in order to build a harmonious society and promoting economic development.The judicial system is the most effective and reliable "social regulator" to balance the interests and coordination, the judicial system plays a unique and significant role in the protection of vulnerable groups. The compensation for vulnerable groups through the economic interests can help them survive and make their legal rights implemented in real life. Based on importance of judicial protection of vulnerable groups in economic poverty, this thesis chooses it as the topic for the paper.The concept of vulnerable groups in law mainly includes the three sections: vulnerable groups of economic poverty, the rights and capacities of poverty groups. In this section regarded the concept of vulnerable groups of economic poverty, characteristics and relationships with the rights of vulnerable groups as object, through the study we can know that the vulnerable groups in economic poverty refer to those who are disadvantaged in income, employment, work opportunities, education and allocation of social resources in our society, and can not escape economic poverty in a long time. Economic poverty is the main features of vulnerable groups; those people who are wealth in economic can enable them to have more opportunities to participate in social, political, cultural and social activities, so they can acquire high social evaluation and more opportunities for development. Vulnerable groups in economic poverty do not only include the laid-off workers, migrant workers, rural workers who are engaged in agriculture but also include those disabled person and other vulnerable groups who are in economic poverty.Nowadays, judicial protection of vulnerable groups of economic poverty is not only the last line of defense in safeguarding national interests of justice, but also plays a significant role in promotes social harmony and stability. This part analyzes current situation of judicial protection for the vulnerable groups those who are poor in economic. Firstly, Constitution and relevant laws are lack of operability, this issues lead to the vulnerable groups’ legitimate rights can not protected by legal. Secondly, there are many problems in the process when operate in the judiciary. Such as the long investigators cycle, judicial inefficiency and the judicial corruptions, those issues make the rights of vulnerable groups can not be protected by legal. At the same time those issues can also make their lives more difficult. Lastly, seeking multi-level protection and emotional appeal channels are very important for vulnerable groups who are poor in economic.The part raises some measures to improve judicial protection for the vulnerable groups in economic. Firstly, through improve the legists of legal aid can make more vulnerable groups into orbit through legal protection.Secendly, improve judicial efficiency by shortening the handling cycle, strength the oversight of jurisdiction to punish corruption in the judiciary those things can help create a better judicial atmosphere in order to protect the vulnerable groups. Thirdly, the judiciary should be unimpeded the channels of vulnerable groups’ emotional demands. Lastly, this section achieves an effective functioning of judicial protection through the improvement of relevant social conditions.In a word, judicial protection of the vulnerable groups those who are poor in economic is a systematic and complex project, involving all aspects of society and the interests of the adjustment. In the work, judicial staff should use special protection of the vulnerable groups’ as principles; they have spared no efforts to achieve justice. At the same time we should combined the social support and personal efforts to establish a sound system of judicial protection for the vulnerable groups those who are poor in economic.更多还原