【作者】 黄惜惜；

【导师】 田永涛；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着纳米科技的发展,ZnO纳米材料在越来越多的领域得到应用。近年来人们试图寻求用最简单的方法制备各种形貌的ZnO纳米材料。本文用简单的溶液原位生长法以纤维、铜网、氧化铝陶瓷管为模板合成ZnO纳米棒构成的分级结构。具体的内容如下：一、利用溶液原位生长法以纤维(棉纤维、尼龙纤维、铜丝、银丝、头发)为模板合成了ZnO分级结构,ZnO纳米棒包覆生长在纤维(棉纤维、尼龙纤维、铜丝、银丝、头发)表面,构成ZnO纳米棒分级结构包覆纤维的同轴结构,所生长的ZnO纳米棒属于纤锌矿结构。通过高温煅烧可除掉织物纤维(尼龙),得到ZnO中空管状分级结构。二、通过溶液原位生长法以铜网为模板合成了ZnO网络结构,由ZnO纳米棒分级结构包覆纤维的同轴结构交叉构成网络。样品的透射、吸收谱表明样品具有较强的紫外屏蔽性,并计算得到其禁带宽度约为3.26eV。拉曼光谱显示合成的ZnO纳米结构为纤锌矿结构,有明显的缺陷峰。光致发光光谱显示样品具有强的绿光发射,结合拉曼结果推测可能是由ZnO本身的氧空位缺陷引起的。这种ZnO网络结构具有大的比表面积有望在传感器件及太阳能电池中得到应用。三、拓展采用溶液原位生长方法,在氧化铝陶瓷管表面生长ZnO纳米棒,形成ZnO纳米棒分级结构包覆氧化铝陶瓷管的结构,直接构成传感器件。ZnO纳米棒生长附着力较好,操作过程中无明显脱落。对生长时间不同的两个样品进行酒敏测试,结果显示用溶液原位生长法直接在氧化铝陶瓷上合成的ZnO分级结构对酒精具有较强的响应；并且相同条件下,生长1h样品,纳米棒直径较小,比表面积较大,较生长2h样品酒敏性能优异,这种结构和方法可能对构建性能优异的ZnO传感器件具有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of nanotechnology, ZnO nanostructure materials have been applied in more and more fields. In recent years, the simple method to prepare various morphologies of ZnO nanostructures have attracted considerable attention. Herein, the ZnO hierarchical structures were synthesized by the simple solution in-situ growth using fiber, copper network and alumina ceramic tube as template, respectively. The prepared structures are coxial, the tube-like hierarchical structures of ZnO nanorod are shell and the template is core.Specific contents as follows:1. The ZnO hierarchical structure was synthesized on the surface of the fiber (cotton fiber, nylon fiber, copper, silver, hair) by the in-situ solution growth. The ZnO nanorods coated on the surface of the fiber and formed tube-like hierarchical structures. By high-temperature calcinate, the fabric fiber (nylon) was successfully removed, and the ZnO hollow tube-like structures were obtained.2. The ZnO hierarchical structure networks were synthesized by using copper network as template. The transmission spectra show that the sample has strong ultraviolet shielding. The band gap of ZnO hierarchical structure is determined to be3.26eV from the optical absorption spectra. The Raman spectra show clearly defect peak at582cm-1. The photoluminescence spectra of the sample exhibit a UV emission at about390nm and a green light emission at about565nm. The green light emission could be caused by oxygen vacancies in ZnO. The ZnO network structure with large specific surface area could have good applications in sensors and solar cells.3. The ZnO nanorod hierarchical structures were successfully grew in-situ on the surface of alumina ceramic tube by the above-mentioned method and were used to fabricate gas sensing device directly. The ZnO nanorods did not fall off clearly in the operating process.The gas sensing characteristics of two samples which grew for1h and2h respectively in the same conditions were tested. The result shows that the two samples both have high response to ethanol. At the same conditions, the1h sample has higher response to300ppm ethanol than the2h sample. It could be reason from that the specific surface area of the1h sample is lager because the nanorods are thinner, about150nm in diameter. These structures and method could be applied to construct high response ZnO sensors.更多还原