【作者】 陈曦；

【导师】 雷紫翰；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 中国古代史， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文重点研究战国中晚期对于“名”这一概念的认识情况,通过对战国中晚期形成的典籍《韩非子》中“名”概念的梳理与研究,从总体上概括“名”在先秦哲学、社会思想中的地位和作用。本文梳理了《韩非子》之前诸子学说中影响较大的几种关于“名”的学说。包括孔子的“正名”说,《荀子·正名》篇对孔子的继承与发展,“名”在老子学说中起到的介于“无”和“有”之间的桥梁作用以及由此生发出的道法、法治和法术思想,以及名家与别墨的“名辩之学”在战国诸子学说中所处的地位等。参照《韩非子》之前诸子关于“名”的论述,以及《韩非子》之前几种“名”的分类法,本文将《韩非子》中的“名”分为了命物、毁誉、名位、参验、法令五种类型。指出命物之名起到界定范围、使某个实体能够被人们所感知与认识的作用,而毁誉之名指对某事物所进行的价值评判。通过对事物的认知和评判,便可以通过名位、参验、法令等具体的方法来规范并治理它。而命物是“名”的基本用法,其余四种用法都必须先建立在命物的基础上。《韩非子》所言的“形名参验之术”在实质上是一门对事物加以区别分类的学问。过于拔高“形名参验”的地位造成了法术政治的不稳定性以及对使用法术者自身的威胁。因此汉代之后逐渐在《韩非子》所言之“名”(以形名参验为主干的治国之术)的基础上加强了礼制的内容,并由此建立了得以维系中国文化传统两千年不衰的,以“名分大义”为伦理支撑、以“形名参验”为政治内核的社会文化、政治结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is focus on the understanding of the concept of Ming in the later period of Warring State. By study the idea of Ming in the classics named Han fei-zi which came into being at the later period of Warring State to summarize the status and function of Ming in Pre-Qin Philosophy and social thought generally.The paper does up the main theories of Ming of the doctrine of the exponents which has great influence, including the Confucius’s Naming doctrine, the inheritance and development of Ming from Xunzi in Xunzi Zhengming, the effect of Ming between’something’and’nothing’as a bridge in Lao Tzu’s thought and the ideology of Daoism,the rule of law and the Chinese Machiavelli doctrine, as well as the logic of the position of the School of Ming and Neo-MohismWith reference to the exponents’discussion about Ming and the classification of several kinds of Ming before Han Fei-zi, this paper divides Ming into five types, including identifying and confirming, praising and blaming, fames and positions, investigating and checking, laws. The identifying and confirming can define the scope and enable an entity to perception and cognition by people; the praising and blaming can value evaluation of something. Based on the cognition and judgment of things, we can regulate and control them with the concrete ways of fames and positions, investigating checking and laws. The identifying and confirming is the basic usage of Ming, the rest four usages must be based on the first.Appointing a position according to his or her ability and matching words with deeds, in fact, which referred to in Han fei-zi is a learning that distinguishes between categories. However, attaching too much importance to it caused the instability of the rule of law and also a danger to the monarch himself. As a result, after Han dynasty, there is a enhanced content of the ritual on the basis of Ming in Han fei-zi, which set up the social culture and political structure to maintain the Chinese traditional culture of two thousand years,which with Titulus and Righteousness as the ethical supporting, with content,name,investigation and checking as the political core.更多还原