【作者】 焦玉瑾；

【导师】 周桂党；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 民法（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪中期以来,许多发达国家进入人权高速发展的时期,许多理念比如“生活正常化”、“尊重自我决定权”和“活化残余能力”等被越来越多的提出和接受。这些理论对成年监护制度提出了更高的要求。成年监护制度是为了保护和照顾无行为能力或限制行为能力的成年人而设立的制度。随着社会结构老龄化趋势的凸显,原有的成年监护制度已无法解决老人所面临的生理衰弱、身体照顾、经济保障等问题。许多国家开始了对成年监护制度的改革,意定监护制度应运而生。本文第一部分从意定监护制度的定义和产生发展出发,通过监护的定义,成年监护的定义,以及关于成年监护中意定监护研究的理论界的各种学说与定义的分析比较,揭示了意定监护制度的法学理念和制度优势。第二部分,反思了我国的成年人监护制度存在的问题,除了立法理念的落后,还有保护对象过于狭窄、可操作性不强、缺乏监督机制、只有法定监护没有意定监护等缺陷,法律规范过于单一和简单化、难以形成完善高效体制等缺陷,揭示了借鉴意定监护制度在应对我国现有相关社会问题、弥补现有制度空白等方面的必要性和可行性。第三部分,概括了大陆法系和英美法系在运用意定监护时的三种典型模式：美国的持续性代理权授予制度、英国的持续性代理权授予制度和日本的任意代理权制度,从分析典型模式出发得出了意定监护制度在实施中的的利弊,找出了国外意定监护制度的实践带来的启示与反思。在文章的最后一部分,从借鉴意定监护制度的角度,对成年人监护制度的改革提出了建议,从立法理念的革新、立法模式的选择和具体制度的改革三个方面对意定监护制度的吸收进行探索和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since middle of20th century, many developed countries have entered the peak of the development of human rights. As a result of these changes and advances, some ideas such as " normalization " and "respect for self-determination" and "activation of the remaining capacity "have emerged, which set a challenge to the Adult Guardianship system. Adult Guardianship system was formerly established to Protect and care for person who is lack of legal capacity. Along with the aging of population, adult guardianship system can not solve those Problems that elderly men faced, such as physiological decline, health care, and economic security. Many countries reformed their adult guardianship system. As one of the achievement of these reforms, Self-determined Guardianship was established.The first part of this paper introduces the definition and development of the Self-determined Guardianship system, demonstrates the legal concepts and advantages of this system. The second part shows that there are some weaknesses of the adult guardianship system in China, for example, legal norms are too simplistic and single and it is difficult to form a complete and efficient system. So it is necessary and feasible to establish the Self-determined Guardianship system in response to China’s current social problems related and to make up for gaps in the existing system. In the third part of the paper, the author summarizes three typical models from civil law system and common law system to generalize the pros and cons of the self-determined guardianship system. In the last part, the author gives suggestions to improve the adult guardianship in our country from the perspective of the self-determined guardianship system.更多还原