【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 汪振江；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 诉讼法学（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 公平正义是法律的价值体现,平等的保护每个人的合法权益是公平正义的外在体现。在诉讼中,法律平等的保护了当事人的合法权益,对于案外第三人,法律赋予了他在其合法权益受到已生效判决不利影响时,可通过诉讼的方式保护自己的合法权益的诉权。目前我国第三人撤销之诉体系尚不完善,要构成保护第人合法权益的完整体系,必须借鉴其他国家的经验取长补短,并且与国内相关制度结合。本文首先从第三人撤销之诉的概念入手,分析第三人撤销之诉具有形成之诉、法定性、特定性、是一种救济制度的特征。通过比较其与再审之诉、第三人执行异议之诉、第三人参加之诉等相关制度的不同,明晰第三人撤销之诉与其他相关制度的界限,明确其本质属性。其次,理论是制度存在的基石。在理论的支撑下,才能更好的指导实践。本文从司法公正与效率、既判力的影响、诈害诉讼的抑制等方面分析了第三人撤销之诉存在的理论基础。再次,制度的存在都有其必要性。本文从我国目前司法实践中遇到的问题分析了我国目前制度存在的缺陷,进而分析了第三人撤销之诉建立的必要性。最后,借鉴国外立法经验,构建了第三人撤销之诉的框架,第三人撤销之诉必须建立的形式要件和实质要件及保障其实行的惩罚措施,提出了完善第三人撤销之诉建设性的意见。完善第三人撤销之诉必须建立配套的告知制度,并将其与国内相关的上诉、再审等相关法律制度配套使用。第三人撤销之诉是对第三人利益的事后程序保障,打破了我国原有的事前程序保障的制度,更加完善的保护了第三人的利益,在程序保障与纠纷一次性解决之间找到了平衡点。通过对程序利益的保护实现对实体利益的保护,实现了法律公平正义的价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The legal value is embodiment of fairness and justice. The external embodiment of justice is protecting the legitimate rights and interests of each person equally. In litigation, the legitimate rights and interests of the parties is protected equally. to outside the third party, when his legitimate rights and interests of law has adverse influence on effective judgment, he can protect his lawful rights and interests by way of litigation. At present, in our country, the system of discharging the judgment by the third party is not completed. To constitute a perfecting system of protecting the legal rights and interests of the third party must draw lessons from the experience of other countries,then complement each other, and with the domestic correlation system.Firs, this article introduces the concept of the system of discharging the judgment by the third party, then analyses its characteristic of action of formation, specificity, and is a kind of the relief system. By comparing it with the retrial proceeding, the third person execution objection lawsuit, and the third person to participate in the lawsuit system, clear the boundary of it and the other related system, and clear its essence attribute. Second, the theory is the foundation of system. Under the support of theory, the system guide practice better. This article analyzes the basis of the system of discharging the judgment by the third party, from judicial justice and efficiency, the influence of resjudicata, fraud against the inhibition of lawsuit aspects and so on. Again, the existence of the system has its necessity. Starting from the problems in the judicial practice of China analyzes the flaws of the current system in China, and then analyzes the system is necessity. Finally, drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience, this article builds the framework of the system of discharging judgment by the third party. And in this system, information system, formal requirements, substantial requirements should be build. And the domestic correlation system of retrial and related legal system is good for this system..The system of discharging the judgment by the third partyt is to safeguard the interests of a third person after the event program, breaking the original application security system in our country, protect the interests of a third party. And it is the balance between security and one-time dispute. Through the protection for the interests of the program implementation to protect the interests of the entity, realize the value of the legal justice.更多还原