【作者】 杨珊；

【导师】 冯殿美；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国司法实践中,每年都有很多的刑事被害人因为得不到加害人的赔偿而面临极度困难的生活。刑事被害人国家补偿制度就是国家针对遭受了犯罪侵害又得不到相应赔偿的刑事被害人及其近亲属,依据法律程序给予其一定的经济补偿的制度。这一制度无论是对公民合法权益的保障,还是社会整体秩序的维护都有十分重大的意义。然而,我国目前尚未实现国家补偿的制度化,缺乏统一的立法。由于法律原则决定着一项法律制度的性质、内容以及价值取向,为了确保国家补偿制度能科学地建立和有效地实施,学界有必要对贯穿于补偿制度始终、指导补偿制度实施的国家补偿制度基本原则进行深入研究和探讨。本文以刑事被害人国家补偿制度基本原则研究为论题,通过对一些立法发达的国家和地区的国家补偿制度的研究,比较和确立在此基础上体现出来的国家补偿制度基本原则,再结合我国的具体情况拟确立我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的基本原则。文章共分为三部分：第一部分是刑事被害人国家补偿制度的内涵及立法现状的概述。首先对法律原则、国家补偿制度等相关概念进行界定,并对国家补偿制度基本原则的价值予以考量,其次通过分析我国各省市关于该制度的建立及实施情况,得出我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度基本原则的立法现状以及存在的问题。第二部分介绍了国家补偿制度基本原则比较考察。英美法系主要介绍了英国和美国,大陆法系主要介绍了德国、日本和韩国,另外还介绍了我国台湾和香港地区的补偿制度。通过分析各个国家和地区的补偿制度,确定其体现的基本原则并予以考察和比较,为我国建立国家补偿制度的基本原则提供了借鉴。第三部分论述了我国被害人补偿制度基本原则的确立。在确立基本原则之前,科学、准确的确立标准是前提,被确立的基本原则既要满足法律原则的基本特征,也应具有其作为被害人补偿制度基本原则的特征。通过一些标准的衡量,本文将我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度基本原则拟确立为五条,分别是：公平正义原则、穷尽其他救济的福利性原则、有条件取得补偿原则、正当程序原则以及及时补偿原则。这五条基本原则在实践中相辅相成,共同作用于国家补偿制度,规制着该制度的确立,并指导着该制度的具体施行。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China, in many cases of the judiciary practice, it is very popular that the rights of victims can’t be guaranteed, and even their families are likely to get into troubles in life. The State Criminal Victim Compensation System refers to a system that the state compensates the criminal victim or his/her family members, who were violated by the crime but did not obtain full compensation from the criminal or other ways, through certain legal proceedings. This system has a great significance to the protection of citizens’ legitimate rights, and the maintenance of the whole society’s order. However, in our country, we haven’t achieved the institutionalization of the compensation, lacking of unified legislation. Legal principles determine the nature, content and value orientation of a legal system, in order to ensure that the State Compensation System could be set up more scientifically and implemented more administrative, academia need to make a thorough study of the basic principles of the state compensation system, which is running through the compensation system and guiding the implement of the system. This article’s topic is the research of the basic principles of the State Compensation system. In this article, we discuss the extraterritorial legislation of the State Compensation system, and on this basis, compare and establish the basic principles that reflected from the system, then set up the basic principles of the Compensation System in our own country combine with the circumstance. The whole article can be divided into three chapters.The first chapter is the outline of connotation and the present legislative situation of the State Compensation System. First, we should define the concepts of legal principles, the State Compensation System and other related concepts, and consider the value of the basic principles of the state compensation system. Then by analyzing the establishment and implementation of the system, we can know the present legislation situations and existing problems in our country’s compensation system.The second chapter describes the basic principles of the State Compensation system. We mainly introduced the Britain and the United States in common-law system, and Germany, Japan and South Korea in civil-law system. In this article we also introduced the Compensation System of Taiwan and Hong Kong regions. Then by analyzing the Compensation System in various countries and regions, we can find out the basic principles, which can provide a preference for the establishment of the basic principles in our country.The third chapter discusses the establishment of the basic principles of the State Compensation System in China. Before it, scientific, accurate setting standard is the essential prerequisite of the establishment of the basic principles. The basic principles should not only have the basic features of the legal principles, but also have their own characteristics. By these standards, the article divided the principles of the State Compensation System as five. They are the principles of fairness and justice, welfare principle of exhaustion of other remedies, conditional to obtaining compensation principle, the principle of due process and the principle of compensation in a timely manner. The five principles confirm and add each other, they are the basic tenets and norms that should be followed when set-up and implement the State Compensation System.更多还原