【作者】 王平超；

【导师】 林明星；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 在经济建设大发展的环境下,随着交通量的加大、车速的提高以及车辆轴数和载重的增多,路面所承受的载荷越来越大,公路使用寿命随之缩短。为了研究路面的合理结构及破坏机理,降低施工和维护成本,优化路面性能指标,有必要对路面结构和路面材料进行加速加载试验。ALT试验设备是一种新型的路面加速加载试验设备,通过施加可控的轴载和改变运行速度及次数,对不同路面结构、材料及路面状态进行加速加载,从而得到路面的变化过程、变化机理以及破坏状态,能够分析路面在多次重复加载下的状态变化及破坏过程。首先运用动力学仿真分析软件ADAMS对ALT试验设备的加载部分进行建模仿真,从静态加载和动态加载两个方面对轮胎与路面间的作用力进行研究。动态加载时,由于路面不平度的影响,加载部分会在运动过程中发生振动,动态轮胎力的值近似以同等条件下的静态轮胎力的值为中心作上下波动,这种波动受到运行速度、加载力和轮胎系数等参数的影响。其次对ALT试验设备加载系统进行了机械和液压系统的设计。对机械系统的各组成部分进行了介绍,并提出加载液压系统和辅助液压系统的技术要求和方案,分析液压系统所需完成的动作,对主要液压元件进行了计算和选择。最后设计了ALT试验设备控制系统,控制系统可分为主控制系统、横移控制系统和数据采集系统。主控制系统通过PLC与变频器共同控制加载小车驱动电机,从而保证加载小车运行速度的稳定；横移控制系统的非接触式横移控制装置用于实现轮迹横向正态分布的模拟；采用CAN总线技术的数据采集系统可靠性高,并能够提高试验的准确性和效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the situation of economic construction development, with the increase of traffic volume, speed, axle number and load, the road is under increasing load, and the service life of the road will be shortened accordingly. In order to study the reasonable pavement structure and damage mechanism, reduce the construction and maintenance costs, get the optimization of pavement performance, it is necessary to take accelerated loading testing on the pavement structures and materials. ALT facility is a new kind of pavement accelerated loading testing facility. It can apply controlled axle load and change the running speed and the number of times to test different pavement structures, materials and surface states. It can get the change process, mechanism and damage state of the pavement, and analyze the status change and failure process when the pavement under a repeat loading.Firstly, dynamic simulation analysis software ADAMS is used to model and simulate the loading part of the ALT facility.The reaction between tire and road is studied in the aspects of the static load and dynamic load. Because of the effect of road roughness, loading part can cause vibration in the movement process during dynamic loading. Dynamic tyre force value approximate to the same condition of static tire force value. The vibration is influenced by running speed, load and tire coefficient.Secondly, the mechanical and hydraulic system are designed for ALT facility loading system. The parts of mechanical system are introduced, and the technical requirements and solutions of the loading hydraulic system and auxiliary hydraulic system are put forward. The action which hydraulic system need to complete is analysed, and main hydraulic components are calculated and chosen.Finally, the control system of ALT facility is designed. Control system is composed of master control system,transverse control system and data acquisition system. PLC and frequency converter are used to control the drive motor of the loading vehicle in the main control system, so as to ensure the stability of running speed; non-contact control devices are used to implement the simulation of the transverse normal distribution of the wheel track in the transverse control system; because of the high reliability, CAN bus technology is adopted in data acquisition system, which can improve the testing accuracy and efficiency.更多还原