【作者】 陈绪霞；

【导师】 孙剑艺；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以明末话本小说《型世言》中的同素逆序词为研究对象,认为所谓同素逆序词,即语素相同而排列次序颠倒互逆的一类词。“同素”是指构词语素相同。吕叔湘先生曾经指出,“一个语素可以有几个意思,只要这几个意思联得上,仍然是一个语素”,为我们判别语素的异同提供了借鉴；“逆序”主要是指语素与语素之间排列次序颠倒互逆,不包括语素内部次序的颠倒。而“词”则排除了短语、单纯词,实指合成词。据统计,《型世言》中共有87组AB-BA式同素逆序词及63个BA式同素逆序词。这两大类同素逆序词都是双音节形式,都以动词、名词为主,并且大多是并列式结构。从意义、用法的角度看,87组AB-BA式同素逆序词中意义用法完全相同的共有42组,约占48.3%。意义用法同中有异的共有40组,约占44.9%,其中意义相同、用法同中有异的有10组,用法相同、意义同中有异的有14组,其余16组则在意义、用法方面都既有相同之处,又有不同之处。此外,另有五组AB—BA式同素逆序词则意义或用法完全不同。从历时的角度看,由于语音、意义等语言内部因素与外部社会因素的综合作用,87组AB-BA式同素逆序词在现代汉语中的存亡状况可分为两序并存、一存-亡和两序并亡三种类型。总体来看,这87组174个词语在现代汉语中保存的多,消亡的少,共105个词流传至今,且意义用法与现代汉语相比基本变化不大。另外,对于《型世言》中的63个BA式同素逆序词,我们也从意义、用法的角度将其与现代汉语中相应的词语进行了对比分析,分为与现代汉语完全相同、同中有异、完全不同三种类型。《型世言》中半数左右的BA式同素逆序词与现代汉语中相应的词语意义用法完全相同。文章最后对《型世言》中的一些三音节、四音节词语的同素逆序现象进行了讨论,并注意到有些同素逆序词在语音上呈现出或双声或叠韵、或旁转或对转的特点,认为这种读音上辗转联绵的特点为两个语素组合成词时顺序的颠倒互逆提供了便利。此外,文章还指出,结合同素逆序词的整个历史使用过程来看,大多数同素逆序词在意义上都是同中有异、相互融合的。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis studys inverse morphemes words in the novel named Xing Shi Yan. In our opinion, inverse morphemes words are those words that have the same morphemes but inverse sequence. The morphemes that inverse morphemes words have should be the same. Mr. Lv shuxiang ever said, a morpheme is a morpheme, only if its meanings are related to each other. This view is very useful for us to judge whether the morphemes are the same or not. The inverse sequence means that the sequence should be inverse between morphemes and morphemes, not within one morpheme. Besides, inverse morphemes words should be compound words, not phrase or single morpheme words. We found87sets of inverse morphemes words of AB-BA type and63BA type in Xing Shi Yan. The two types of inverse morphemes words are both bisyllable. And most of them are verbs, nouns and parallel structures.Among the87sets of AB-BA type of inverse morphemes words, there are42sets totally the same in their meaning and usage, accounting for about48.3percent. Meanwhile,40sets of these words are similar in their meaning and usage, accounting for about44.9percent. On one hand, they are the same; on the other hand, they also have some difference. In detail,10sets are the same in meaning and similar in usage;14sets are the same in usage and similar in meaning; the other16sets are similar in both meaning and usage. Besides,5sets of AB-BA type of inverse morphemes words are entirely different in their meaning or usage.Due to pronunciation, meaning and the development of the society, the existence and disappearance of87sets of AB-BA type of inverse morphemes words are quite complicated in contemporary Chinese. For some words, both the AB type and BA type are used widely in contemporary Chinese. However, for some words, one of the two types is still used, while the other type has already disappeared. For other words, both of the two types have completely disappeared in contemporary Chinese. On the whole, most of the AB-BA type of inverse morphemes words existed in contemporary Chinese; a few of them disappeared. There are105words still being used in contemporary Chinese, and almost staying the same in their meaning and usage.Besides, as for the63BA type inverse morphemes words, we also compare them with their own corresponding words in contemporary Chinese. And then we got three sorts in meaning and usage. They are same, similar and different. According to our study, half of the BA type inverse morphemes words in Xing Shi Yan are the same as the corresponding words in contemporary Chinese in their meaning and usage.In the end, we talked about the inverse morpheme phenomenon of some three syllables and four syllables words in Xing Shi Yan. We also noticed that some initial consonants of inverse morphemes words are the same and some vowels of the inverse morphemes words are same or similar. Without any doubt, this trait in pronunciation is very convenient for the sequence to be inverse when the two morphemes make up the word. In addition, in view of the development of inverse morphemes words, most of these words are similar to each other in meaning and usage.更多还原