【作者】 王晓芍；

【导师】 王军旗；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界经济的快速发展,水资源污染越来越严重,淡水资源越来越匮乏,加之燃烧常规能源给大气造成严重的污染等问题成为制约经济发展和人们正常生活重大的问题。因此大力发展新能源是能源利用的新趋势,海水或苦咸水淡化成为未来解决淡水资源匮乏的一个重要途径。将海水或苦咸水淡化与新能源相结合,是节能、减排、合理利用能源解决水资源问题的有效方式且具有广阔前景。我国具有丰富的可再生能源包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、波浪能等,根据国家气象科学院估计,我国陆地地面10m高度层风能的理论储量为32亿kW,实际可开发量为2.53亿kW,海上风能可开发量是陆地风能储量的3倍。我国有着丰富的地下咸水资源,主要分布在风能资源丰富的西北地区和沿海地区。因此利用风能进行苦咸水淡化有利于风能资源与苦咸水淡化结合的有效应用,减少利用其它能源淡化苦咸水在能源传输过程中带来的损失。风能直接用于苦咸水淡化主要是风力机压缩空气,由压缩空气驱动气驱增压泵给苦咸水增压驱动反渗透膜淡化苦咸水的过程。为了消除气驱增压泵由于活塞相位产生的压力和流量脉动,采用安装蓄能器和多台气驱增压泵并联的方式。试验研究了气驱增压泵性能,对于不同驱动压力下,单台及两台、三台气驱增压泵运行输出压力和流量均随着驱动压力的增大而增大。在现有的试验条件下,单台气驱增压泵压力和流量较小,两台气驱增压泵输出的压力和流量明显大于单台气驱增压泵输出的流量也压力,而三台气驱增压泵并联运行时输出的压力和流量稍微高于两台气驱增压泵并联运行时输出的流量和压力,因此采用两台气驱增压泵并联时和蓄能器相结合泵出口压力和流量性能最好。试验中采用低压气驱增压泵组对原水过滤和高压气驱增压泵组进行反渗透,两组气驱增压泵同时运行。试验发现当低压气驱增压泵组驱动压力一定时,随着高压气驱增压泵组驱动压力的增大,高压气驱增压泵组输出压力和流量均随之增大,而低压气驱增压泵组输出压力逐渐降低而流量逐渐增大的规律。通过试验发现,当两组气驱增压泵同时运行时,低压气驱增压泵组驱动压力为0.2MPa,高压气驱增压泵组驱动压力为0.3MPa的压力配比效果最佳。通过理论分析和试验测试结果相结合,本试验中所采用的气驱增压泵在驱动压力为0.3MPa～0.35MPa范围内能量转换效率最高能达到40%。在对电导率为1925μs/cm的苦咸水试验中,反渗透膜的除盐率能够高达97.4%,整体系统的产水量为3.5L/min,与采用电动离心增压泵相比反渗透膜除盐率和产水量相同。通过分析得到了在没有安装蓄能器的条件下风力压缩空气式苦咸水淡化能耗为15.1kW·h/m3,与同样没有安装蓄能器的风电苦咸水淡化能耗26.19KW· h/m3相比要低；而且基于市场上的价格单套系统的投资成本也低于风电苦咸水系统的投资成本,因此风力压缩空气式苦咸水淡化系统比风电苦咸水淡化系统具有一定的优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the world economy, more and more serious pollution of water resources, freshwater resources are increasingly scarce, coupled with the burning of conventional energy to the atmosphere causedserious pollution problems become major problems restricting economicdevelopment and people’s normal life. So development of new energy is a new trend in energy use, seawater or brackish water desalination as an important way to solve the scarcity of fresh water resources in the future. Sea water or brackish water desalination and new energy, energy saving, emission reduction rational use of energy an effective way to solve the problem of water resources and has broad prospects.China has abundant renewable energy sources including solar, wind, biomass, wave energy, according to the National Academy of Meteorological Sciences estimated, China’s land10m above the ground level wind theory can be developed for the3.2billion kW actually can be developed for253millionkW offshore wind energy can be developed land-based wind energy reserves. China has a rich underground salty water, mainly northwest region is rich in wind energy and coastal areas, is conducive to the effective application of energy to reduce the losses caused due to energy transfer.Wind energy is directly used for brackish water desalination mainly refers the way of wind energy wind turbine compressed air, compressed air-driven pneumatic booster pump driven reverse osmosis membrane desalination of seawater to brackish water.Install the accumulator, and a plurality of pneumatic booster parallel due to the piston phase generated pressure and flow pulsation, in order to eliminate the pneumatic booster. In the experiment, we research pneumatic booster performance for different driving pressure, single, two, three pneumatic booster pump to run the outlet pressure and flow with increasing driving pressure is increased. In the existing experimental conditions, a single gas drive smaller booster pump pressure and flow, two gas drive the booster pump output pressure and flow was significantly greater than a single gas drive booster output flow pressure, and the threethe station gas drive booster pumps operating in parallel output pressure and flow rate is slightly higher than the two gas drive output flow and pressure booster pumps operating in parallel, so the use of two gas drive booster pumps connected in parallel and the accumulatorpump outlet pressure and flow performance.In the experiment using low pressure pneumatic booster group and high pressure pneumatic booster set two sets of pump brackish water booster test found that when low-pressure pneumatic booster group drive pressure is constant, with the high pressure pneumatic booster group drivepressure, high pressure pneumatic booster set outlet pressure and flow increases, while the low-pressure pneumatic booster set outlet pressure gradually reduce the flow rate is gradually increasing regularity. Found by experiment, when the two groups pneumatic booster pumps running at the same time the low-pressure pneumatic booster group drive pressure of0.2MPa, high pressure pneumatic booster group driving pressure of0.3MPa pressure ratio is the most appropriate.A combination of theoretical analysis and experimental test results calculated pneumatic booster pump test purchase in the driving pressure0.3MPa-0.35MPa within the highest energy conversion efficiency can reach40%. Test conductivity1925μs/cm brackish water reverse osmosis membrane desalination rate can be as high as97.35%,3.5L/min water production of the system as a whole, compared with the use of electric centrifugal booster pump reverse osmosis membranedesalination rate and water production is the same. Ultimately through theoretical analysis and experimental data obtained by combining the compressed air in the accumulator is not installed wind brackish water desalination energy consumption of15.1kW· h/m3, with the same accumulator is not installed wind power brackish water desalinationthe energy consumption26.19KW· h/m3lower than; single system investment Chen is also lower than the investment costs of the brackish water of the wind power system, wind compressed air brackish water desalination system than wind power brackish water desalinationthe system has certain advantages, favorable for large-scale investment run.更多还原