【作者】 吴凤；

【导师】 郭建斌；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态环境工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 在干旱半干旱的条件下,蒸腾作用会引起植物水分大量丢失,就会导致植物水分亏缺甚至脱水。本实验在深入了解国内外抗蒸腾剂和叶面肥的发展历史和研究现状的基础上,通过对不同的抗蒸腾剂叶面肥进行分析研究和科学配比,研发出一种新型抗蒸腾叶面肥。实验采用四因素三水平的正交设计,研究了不同的抗蒸腾剂叶面肥对杏树(Prunus armeniaca)和旱柳(Salix matsudana)的生理指标及生长指标的影响。即在不同土壤含水量的条件下,用不同喷施浓度的不同种类的抗蒸腾剂叶面肥分别对杏树和旱柳进行处理。测定并分析了不同处理’下苗木的新梢长度、新梢直径、植物的生物量等生长指标以及叶绿素、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶水势等植物的生理指标的变化,筛选出对杏树和旱柳最有利的抗蒸腾叶面肥的种类、喷施浓度和土壤含水量组合。为黄土高原地区干旱半干旱地区植被恢复及生态建设提供理论和技术支撑。实验结果分析如下：(1)喷施2种自制抗蒸腾叶面肥对杏树和旱柳的新梢长度、新梢直径、生物量均有不同程度地促进作用。综合各项指标分析,杏树的生长指标提高效果最为显著的组合为自制叶面肥①、喷施浓度为900倍、土壤含水量为15%。组合自制叶面肥①、喷施浓度为900倍、土壤含水量为20%对旱柳的生长指标提高效果十分显著。(2)喷施2种自制抗蒸腾叶面肥均能不同程度地降低杏树和旱柳的蒸腾速率,增强叶片光合速率,提高水分利用效率,提高叶片的叶水势。综合各项指标,杏树的生理指标提高效果最为显著的组合为自制叶面肥①、喷施浓度为900倍、土壤含水量为20%。组合自制叶面肥①、喷施浓度为900倍、土壤含水量为20%以及组合自制叶面肥①、喷施浓度为900倍、土壤含水量为10%均对旱柳的生理指标提高效果十分显著。(3)综合各指标可得,影响杏树和旱柳喷施效果的三因素中,按高低排序依次均为叶面肥种类因素,喷施浓度因素,土壤含水量因素。对杏树综合性状增效最为显著的组合为A1B2C2、3,即在土壤含水量为15%-20%条件下,喷施浓度为900倍的自制叶面肥①。组合A1B2C3对旱柳的总体性状增效最为显著,即在土壤含水量为20%条件下,喷施浓度为900倍的自制叶面肥①。更多还原

【Abstract】 In arid and semi-arid conditions, plants will lost a lot of water because of transpiration, which lead to deficit or even dehydration. On the basis of research of the developing history and current situation of anti-transpirant and foliar fertilizer home and aboard, a novel anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer was developed by analyzing and modifying the ratio of anti-transpirants and foliar fertilizer. The four-factor-three-level orthogonal experiment design was adopted to investigated the influence of foliar fertilization on seedling growing indexes, physiological indexes and some other index effects of Primus armeniaca and Salix matsudana. Under different soil moisturing conditions, Prunus armeniaca and Salix matsudana were treated with different concentration ratio of different foliar fertilization. The growing indexes including new shoots height, new shoots diameter, biomass and the physiological indexes including chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency were measured and analyzed in order to select an optimal combination of anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer and soil moisture for Prunus armeniaca and Salix matsudana., This study aiming at providing theoretic and technical support for vegetation restoration and ecological building in arid and semiarid areas of loess plateau.Results are as follows:(1) Both self-made anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer and market fertilizer improved new shoots height、new shoots diameter and biomass of Prunus armeniaca and Salix matsudana. For Prunus armeniaca, the optimal treatment is self-made①with900times diluted and15%soil moisture. The best formula for Salix matsudana is self-made①with900times diluted and20%soil moisture.(2) Both kinds of self-made anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer and market fertilizer have positive effects on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, water use efficiency and leaf RWC of Prunus armeniacci and Salix matsudana in varying degrees. The best formula for Primus armeniac physiological indicator is self-made①with900times diluted and15%soil moisture. And the best formula for Salix matsudana physiological indicator is self-made①with900times diluted and10%soil moisture or20%soil moisture.(3) Taking all indicators available into consideration, we could rank the factors as fertilizer, spraying concentration and soil moisture. The optimal combination to improve general traits of Primus armeniaaca is A1B2C2.3, i.e. the best is900times dilution of the concentration between the self-made fertilizers①on soil water content of15%-20%. The most prominent combination to improve general trais of Salix matsudana is A1B2C3,that is,900times dilution of the concentration between the self-made fertilizers①on soil water content of20%.更多还原