【作者】 任梅芳；

【导师】 胡笑涛；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国农业水资源存在着严重短缺并且利用效率低下的现象，促进农户采用节水技术，是解决这一现象的重要途径之一，另外，通过价格杠杆调节农户的需水行为，是节水技术实现空间扩散和节水农业持续发展的重要制度保障。本文在通过综述各种节水技术产生的经济效益，借助数据包络分析方法（DEA）在效率评估中的应用，采用C2R模型构造了节水灌溉技术运行效率定量评价模型，对渠道防渗工程、低压管道输水工程、微喷灌、涌流灌、秸秆覆盖和塑料薄膜覆盖技术的相对效率进行评价，并且分析了产生效率低下的原因。目前，我国农业水价体制存在着一系列的问题，然而农业水价对农户采用节水灌溉技术的作用显著，农业水价是促进农业节水技术推广应用的重要手段之一，因此，合理制定灌溉水价对于节水农业的发展具有重要意义。本文以泾惠渠为例，在试图推广各种节水灌溉技术的条件下，采用模糊数学综合评价模型计算灌区水价，并将它们和现行水价作比较，得出结果表明，泾惠渠现行水价远低于利用模糊数学综合评价模型计算得出的农业灌溉水价。另外，研究发现激励机制的缺乏是节水灌溉技术推广应用的瓶颈，通过水价调控实现对农民节水行为的奖励，对于提高水的有效利用率、解决水资源短缺问题具有重要意义。因此，本文以泾惠渠为例研究了农业灌溉水价激励补偿机制，初步制定各种灌溉节水技术不同的灌溉水价补偿标准，从而激发农民提高节水意识，提高农民采用节水技术的主动性，以期推动节水农业技术水平的提高与推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, there are serious shortages and inefficient phenomenon in our agricultural waterresources, promoting farmers adopt water-saving technologies is an important measure to solvethis matter.On the other hand, adjusting water demanding by water price is a significantguaranty of achieving water-saving technologies spatial spreading and keeping agriculturedevelopment sustainable.This paper evaluating the relative efficiency of the engineering of canal seepage control,low-pressure pipe water supply, micro-irrigation, spray irrigation, flow irrigation, straw mulchtechnology and plastic covering technology based on the summary of economic benefits ofvarious water-saving technologies, with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) used inefficiency evaluation, using C2R model to construct the efficiency of water-saving irrigationtechnology evaluation model, then giving the reason of inefficience.Currently, there are manyserious problems of our agricultural water price system, however, water price has a strongimpact of farmer’s adoption of water-saving technologies,and water price is an importantmeasure to promote technologies. Therefore, reasonable development of water price system hasa great significance for water-saving agriculture. Taking the JingHui irrigation district as aexample, under the condition that trying to promote various water-saving technologies systemto calculate the irrigation water price used economic models, and compared with the existingprice. The results show that current water price far below the water price which purpose forpromote various water-saving technologies system.Besides,the study found that the lack ofincentives is the bottleneck in the application of water-saving irrigation technologypromotion,achieving award to farmers’ water-saving behavior by adjusting water price hasgreat significance to enhance water using efficiency and solve the shortage of waterresources.Therefore,we do the research of compensation of water price in JingHui irrigationdistrict,preliminary formulate the water price compensation standard of various water-savingtechnologies,in order to stimulate farmers to raise awareness of water conservation and improvethe initiative of farmers,in order to raise the level of agricultural technology popularizationand application.更多还原