【作者】 蒋敏芝；

【导师】 李秀艳；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 “减排温室气体,遏制全球变暖”已经成为国际社会关注的一个热点。如何有效减排温室气体,达到最大化效益也是国内外研究的方向。湿地是具有独特的水文、土壤、植被与生物特征条件,同时是介于陆地生态系统和水域生态系统之间的过渡带的生态系统,因此湿地在涵养水源、调节气候、净化环境等方面具有巨大的环境效益和环境功能,被誉为“地球之肾”。以潮滩型湿地崇明西滩和崇明东滩为例,研究崇西和崇东的光滩,芦苇,林地湿地土壤的微生物活性,研究其在生长季与非生长季微生物动态变化。以便为更深一步研究潮滩湿地碳源碳汇的微生物学机制提供研究基础。崇明西滩,东滩都属于河口型潮汐滩涂湿地,同时受陆地生态系统与海洋生态系统的影响。河流携带大量的有机质在河口区汇聚,形成了一个庞大的有机质蓄积库及特殊的营养环境,潮汐作用促进了湿地与河流间的有机质交换,从而使河口海岸湿地土壤中碳的生物化学转化过程及其复杂。同时湿地干湿交替的水文特性,使得湿地的水分、氧气及氧化还原电位发生周期性的交替变化,湿地碳循环功能菌群具有周期性动态变化特征,论文从三个方面开展研究湿地碳循环影响因素。论文分析土壤的基本理化指标,以及它们在生长季和非生长季土壤酶活变化和微生物活性变化的相关性。探讨不同深度土壤生物酶活性之间的相互联系。实验结果表明崇明西滩湿地的酶活和微生物量都要高于崇明东滩的含量,且各个指标在生长季和非生长季变化明显。各个指标受土壤深度变化不明显,但是在土壤层的10-20cm处或者20-30cm处会出现一个累积高峰。湿地有机质含量分析表明,有机质在生长季含量较高。土壤总氮、总磷和土壤呼吸强度的测试发现,在植被生长季时,微生物活性较强,土壤总氮和总磷含量较高,但是总氮和总磷含量随土壤深度变化不明显,总氮含量在10-20cm或者20-30cm处相对高些。土壤酶活分析表明,土壤蔗糖酶活在植被生长季高于非生长季,土壤过氧化氢酶活、淀粉酶活和纤维素酶活都是非生长季含量略高于生长季酶活,表明这三个酶活受生长季和非生长季影响明显。但是酶活变化随土壤深度变化不是很明显,在土壤层的10-20cm或者20-30cm相对较高。土壤微生物量分析表明,土壤微生物量C和土壤微生物量N在植被生长季要明显高于非生长季,土壤微生物量C和土壤微生物量N和有机质的变化呈正相关,且微生物量C和微生物量N含量变化随着土壤深度的变化呈下降趋势。通过分析光滩,芦苇和林地各个指标结果分析,可以得出芦苇湿地的各个指标含量在生长季和非生长季都要高于光滩和林地的含量,可能因为芦苇有较庞大的根系组织,林地的含量变化受潮汐和凋落物影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 " Reduce greenhouse-gas emission,Stop the global warming "has become a hot topic in international community.The way to reduce greenhouse gas emission effectively,and achieve the maximization benefit is also one of the research directions between domestic and foreign. Wetland is an ecosystem which has unique hydrology, soil, vegetation and biological characteristic condition, at the same time it stays at the transitional belt between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, so wetlands is known as the" kidney of the earth" because of the great environmental benefits and environmental function in water conservation, climate regulation, purification and other aspects of the environment.Take Chongming West Beach and Chongming Dongtan as examples,which are both tidal flat wetlands, to study light beach, reed wetland, woodland soil microbial activity and microbial dynamic changes in growth season among those area,in order to provide research basis for a deeper study of tidal flat wetland carbon sequestration mechanisms of microbiology.Chongming West Beach and East Beach both are the Estuary Tidal Mudflat Wetland type, at the same time be effected by the terrestrial ecosystem and marine ecosystem. A large amount of organic matter carried in the river get together in estuary area, form a huge organic matter accumulation library and special nutritional environment, tidal action promotes the organic exchanges between wetlands and rivers, so the estuary and coastal wetland soil carbon biological chemical conversion process becomes more complex. The paper start the research on carbon cycle of wetlands influence factors from three aspects.This paper analyses the soil basic pHysicochemical index, and the soil enzyme activity and microbial activity changes in growth season and non growing season to explore the relationship between different depth, salinity, soil enzyme activity.The experimental results show that the western part of pHysical and chemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial biomass are higher than Chong Dong’s content, and each index in growth season and non growing season changes very much. Each index affected by soil depth is not obvious, but there is a cumulative peak in the soil layer of10～20cm or20～30cm.Wetland organic qualitative content analysis shows that, organic matter is higher during the growth season.The test of soil total nitrogen, total pHospHorus and soil respiration intensity finds that microbial activity, soil total nitrogen and total pHospHorus content is higher in vegetation growing season, but the total nitrogen and total pHospHorus content increased with the soil depth does not change obviously, the total nitrogen content is higher in the layer of10～20cm or20～30cm. Soil enzyme activity analysis indicates that soil invertase activity in the vegetation growing season is higher, but soil catalase activity, amylase activity and cellulase activity in non growing season are slightly higher than that in growth season, suggesting that the three enzyme activity is affected by season. But the change of enzyme activity decreases with soil depth is not very clear, in the soil layer of10～20cm or20～30cm is higher.Soil microbial biomass analysis shows that, soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N in vegetation growing season is higher than that of non growing season, there are positively correlation between soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N and organic matter changes, and microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N content shows a downward trend with the soil depth increases.The analysis of each index among optical flat, reed and forest, shows reed wetland in growth season and non growing season are both higher than light beach wetland and woodland wetlands, probably because the reed has a large root tissue, woodland content changes of tidal and litter effect.更多还原