【作者】 吉文博；

【导师】 余兰兰；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 物理化学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在油田上结垢是一个非常普遍存在的问题，给油田生产带来严重的危害。油井与输油管道的结垢为油田开发过程中遇到的重要问题之一，严重的制约了原油的正常生产与集输，增加了原油生产的成本，给油田带来了较大的经济损失。结垢伤害是油田注水开发所面临的普遍问题之一，到目前为止，仍是尚未解决的世界性难题。以马来酸酐(MA)、环氧琥珀酸钠(ESAS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体，过硫酸铵为引发剂，合成了一种新型MEAS四元共聚物防垢剂。通过正交试验确定了防垢剂的最佳合成条件，考察了防垢剂用量、体系pH值和温度对防垢剂防垢性能的影响。结果表明，最佳合成条件为：引发剂用量为单体总质量的15%，单体配比n(MA):n(ESAS):n(AM):n(SAS)=1:1:0.6:1，聚合温度90℃，聚合时间3h。在最佳合成条件下测定共聚物的防垢率大于90%，防垢效果较好；以丙烯酸(AA)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、环氧琥珀酸钠(ESAS)为单体，过硫酸铵为引发剂，水为溶剂，合成出ASAE四元共聚物防垢剂。通过正交试验确定最佳合成条件为，并对其进行了性能评价。最佳合成条件：反应温度80℃；n(AA):n(SAS):n(AM):n(ESAS)=1:1:0.6:1.2引发剂用量为单体总质量的15%；反应时间3h；。在最佳合成条件下共聚物的防垢率为86.72%，防垢效果很好。以环氧琥珀酸钠(ESAS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体，过硫酸铵为引发剂，合成了EAS三元共聚物防垢剂。通过红外光谱图对其结构表征，结果表明合成的产物为目标产物。通过正交实验研究其最佳合成条件为：共聚温度为90℃，共聚时间为3.5h，单体配比n(ESAS):n(AM):n(SAS)=1.2:0.6:1；引发剂用量为单体总质量的12.5%，合成产物对碳酸钙垢具有较好的防垢性能，防垢率为88.07%。在预处理的水溶液升温的同时开启超声波防垢仪，对水质进行处理。以单超声波、双超声波、无超声波实验为研究对象，通过化学滴定法测得易成垢离子防垢前后的变化规律，对超声波防垢措施的效果进行了研究。结果表明，在超声波作用下，超声波辐射能会抑制微晶向碳酸钙化合物方向转变，即能够抑制微晶成长成碳酸钙化合物的速度，从而预防结垢；超声波作用下，管壁结垢物质会振荡脱落，从而能够实现防垢目的；在同样条件下，单超声波作用效果，强于双超声波作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scaling is a very common problem in the oilfield, and brings serious harm to theoilfield production. The scaling of the oil wells and pipelines is one of the important issuesencountered in the oilfield development process, constraints the normal production andgathering transportation of crude oil, and increases the cost of crude oil production, so it hasbrought greater economic losses to the oilfield. Scaling phenomenon is a common problemfaced by the oilfield water flooding, and so far, is still an unresolved global problem.A novel quadripolymer scale inhibitor is prepared from maleic anhydride (MA),epoxy succinic acid sodium(ESAS), acrylamide(AM) and sodium vinyl sulfonate(SAS), andthe polymerization is initiated by persulfate ammonium. The study determined the optimalsynthesis conditions for scale inhibitors by orthogonal test, and investigated scale inhibitorsdosage, systematic pH value and temperature on the scale inhibitor anti-scaling properties.The results show that the optimal conditions of synthesis as follows: the mass ratio ofinitiator to total monomer is15%, the monomer’s mole ratio ofn(MA):n(ESAS):n(AM):(SAS) is1:1:0.6:1, the reaction temperature is90℃, and thereaction time is3h. Under the optimum conditions, determining the inhibition rate of the ofcopolymer is more than90%, and the scaling effect is good.A quadripolymer scale inhibitor as ASAE is prepared from acrylic acid (AA), sodiumvinyl sulfonate(SAS), acrylamide(AM) and epoxy succinic acid sodium(ESAS).Thepolymerization is initiated by persulfate ammonium in aqueous solution. The best syntheticconditions of the quadripolymer was determined through an orthogonal test, and itsproperties had been evaluated. The optimal conditions of synthesis as follows: the reactiontemperature is80℃; the monomer’s mole ratio of n(AA):n(SAS):n(AM):(ESAS) is1:1:0.6:1.2; the mass ratio of initiator to total monomer is15%, and the reaction time is3h.Under the optimum conditions, the inhibition rate of the of copolymer is86.72%, and thescaling effect is very good.A terpolymer scale inhibitor is prepared from epoxy succinic acid sodium (ESAS),acrylamide (AM) and sodium vinyl sulfonate (SAS), and the polymerization is initiated bypersulfate ammonium. Its structure is characterized by infrared spectroscopy, and the resultsshow that the synthetic product is the target product. Research into the best syntheticconditions through an orthogonal test as follows: the reaction temperature is90℃, thereaction time is3.5h, the mass ratio of persulfate ammonium to total monomer is12.5%,and the monomer’s mole ratio of n(ESAS):n(AM):n(AS) is1.2:0.6:1.The synthetic product to calcium carbonate scale has a better inhibition performance, and the inhibition rate canamount to88.07%.Open the ultrasonic anti-scaling device, while the aqueous solution of pretreatment iswarming, for water quality processing.Single ultrasound, dual ultrasound, and withoutultrasonic experiments as the research objects, the study researched the anti-scaling effect ofultrasonic measures. Before and after joining the scale inhibitors, through chemical titrationmethod, measured change rule of the easy scaling ion.The results show that, in the role ofultrasound, ultrasonic radiant energy can restrain the change direction of microcrystalline tocalcium carbonate compounds, that is, it can inhibit the speed of the microcrystallinegrowth into calcium carbonate compounds, thereby preventing scaling; in the role ofultrasonic, the scaling materials on the wall can be shaken off, so that it will be able toachieve the the antiscale purpose; under the same conditions, single ultrasonic’s effect isstronger than the dual ultrasound’s.更多还原