桥式起重机主梁特殊截面应力分析

【作者】 薛孝磊；

【导师】 陶元芳；

【作者基本信息】 太原科技大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国民经济建设的快速发展，大吨位桥式起重机在生产中得到了广泛的应用。大吨位桥式起重机工作频繁，经常满载甚至超负荷工作，运行速度高，工作环境恶劣，运行过程中存在频繁启动和制动，另外还受轨道不平、操作不当等引起的冲击载荷加上主梁跨端变截面主腹板和弯板连接处存在应力集中问题，而导致此处经常出现裂纹，另外，在上盖板开门、腹板开门等削弱部位的过渡圆角处存在应力较大的现象。所有这些直接影响起重机的使用性能和正常生产，给厂家和用户都造成了巨大的经济损失。而采用传统的力学解析方法对大吨位桥式起重机桥架结构特别是像主梁跨端变截面、上盖板开门处截面、腹板开门处截面等这些特殊截面处的应力状态进行计算分析时，计算公式繁多、复杂、且不易精确，很难精确反映其实际的应力状态。本文以端梁非铰接式大吨位双梁桥式起重机为研究对象，借助Visual C++6.0开发工具，采用面向对象程序设计方法开发一套集传统常规计算和有限元分析于一体的软件，分别采用传统常规计算方法和有限元分析方法对主梁近端梁变截面、上盖板开门处截面、腹板开门处截面等特殊截面处的应力状态进行分析，并着力研究影响上述特殊截面处应力状态分布的各个因素及每个因素改变时应力状态的变化趋势。具体内容如下：（1）运用传统常规计算方法分别计算主梁跨中截面、近端梁变截面、上盖板开门处截面、腹板开门处截面上的典型验算点的等效应力值；（2）借助有限元分析软件ANSYS对桥架结构进行有限元分析，按实际的载荷分布进行加载、求解，分别得到主梁跨中截面、近端梁变截面、上盖板开门处截面、腹板开门处截面的等效应力分布云图；（3）运用Visual C++6.0编写软件，实现传统常规计算和有限元分析的程序化，通过面向对象的程序界面改变相应参数即可得到所需的常规计算结果和有限元分析结果；（4）借助常规计算和有限元分析软件，通过一系列的计算和分析，研究影响应力分布状态的各个因素，并通过对常规计算和有限元分析得到的结果进行分析比较，总结出相应结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of economic construction, the large tonnageoverhead crane has been widely used in production. Large tonnage overheadcrane work frequently, often fully loaded and even overloaded with work,running high-speed, poor working conditions, running with frequent starting andbraking, in addition to track grievances and improper operation caused by theimpact load with the main beam the junction of the main web of the cross-sidevariable cross-section and under the cover of stress concentration caused by hereoften cracks, in the lid to open the door, web open the door and weaken the partsof the fillet stress is large phenomenon. All of these directly affect the use ofcrane performance and normal production, manufacturers and users have causedhuge economic losses. The use of traditional mechanical analysis methodespecially like the cross side of the main beam of variable cross-section of largetonnage overhead crane bridge structure, on the cover to open the door at thecross-section, the stress state of the web to open the door at the cross section ofthese special section at the calculation and analysis of formulas, complex, anddifficult to precise, it is difficult to accurately reflect the actual stress state.End beam non-articulated large-tonnage double girder overhead crane, withVisual C++6.0development tools, object-oriented programming to develop a setof conventional calculations and finite element analysis software inone,conventional calculation methods and finite element analysis methods wereused to the proximal beam, main beam, variable cross-section, on the cover toopen the door at the cross-section, the special section of the web to open thedoor at the section at the stress state analysis and efforts to study the impact ofthe special section at the stress statedistribution of the various factors and eachfactor to change the trend of the stress state. Details are as follows:(1) The use of conventional calculation method were calculated in the crossof the main beam cross section, proximal beam variable cross-section, on thecover to open the door at the cross-section, typical checking point on the web toopen the door at the cross-section value of the stress; (2) With the finite element analysis software ANSYS finite elementanalysis of bridge structure, according to the actual load distribution, load, weresolved by the main girder span section, the proximal beam variable cross-section,on the cover to open the door at the cross-section,web open the door at thecross-section of the equivalent stress contours;(3) The use of Visual C++6.0to write software, conventional calculationand finite element analysis program,object-oriented programming interface tochange the corresponding parameters can be obtained by conventionalcalculation results and finite element analysis results;(4) With the conventional calculation and finite element analysis software,through a series of calculations and analysis of various factors, stressdistribution and analyze the results obtained by conventional calculation andfinite element analysis, summed up the corresponding conclusions.更多还原