【作者】 侯石磊；

【导师】 王军；

【作者基本信息】 河南师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，UASB反应器已广泛应用于高浓度有机废水处理，但在工程应用中，拥有高效颗粒污泥才能显示反应器的处理效率和优越性。现存的众多UASB厌氧反应器存在效率低下的问题，颗粒污泥的培养显得尤为重要。本论文以新乡某酒精生产企业的废水处理工程为研究对象，对处理玉米酒精废水的厌氧反应器和好氧反应器进行启动调试研究。首先对玉米酒精的生产工艺流程和酒精废水的来源及特点做了简单的介绍，主要研究了外循环UASB反应器的启动影响因素、颗粒污泥培养过程和好氧SBR活性污泥工艺的调试启动影响因素和污泥的驯化培养情况，分析了UASB反应器和SBR工艺的反应机理，探讨了反应器的运行规律和影响因素，为同类废水的处理应用提供了一定的依据和参考，研究结果具有一定的实际工程意义和理论价值。本论文主要研究有以下几个方面：1.对外循环UASB反应器处理玉米酒精废水启动时的工艺条件进行了优化，在中温条件下，通过容积负荷的提高和调节进水及外循环的回流最佳配比，研究反应器的最佳启动条件和最佳的运行效果，分析反应器的运行特性及启动的影响因素，结果表明：外循环UASB反应器的颗粒污泥形成更快，处理效果更好。2.在调试启动过程中，通过对进、出水COD、BOD₅、总氮、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸、产气率等指标的监测，分析其变化规律，确定改良型外循环UASB反应器处理酒精废水的最佳控制运行参数。3.通过对常规UASB反应器和外循环UASB反应器的对比分析，外循环的UASB反应器无论在启动过程和运行控制条件等方面均表现出优越性。4.通过对颗粒污泥的形成过程分析，观察颗粒污泥的微生物群落结构。在培养的颗粒污泥表面以产甲烷杆菌和产甲烷球菌为优势菌属，观察到主要为产甲烷球菌和八叠球菌,其中以产甲烷八叠球菌为主。在颗粒污泥内部没有发现丝状菌的存在，产甲烷杆状菌和球菌为优势菌，这保证了对水解中间产物的高效降解。5.在外循环的作用下，有效地减少了有机负荷和酸性冲击所带来的不利影响，使厌氧系统对不良因素的适应性大为提高，提高了上流速度，不仅均衡了进水负荷的波动，而且保证了产酸菌和产甲烷菌的平衡和产甲烷菌的高活性。6.对于厌氧反应器结垢问题做了一定的讨论分析，改良型UASB反应器的外循环回配系统在一定程度上减缓了结垢现象的发生。7.通过对SBR活性污泥工艺启动研究，掌握采用逐步培养法来驯化活性污泥。测定进、出水水质及活性污泥的性能指标，分析好氧活性颗粒污泥的机理和微生物群落结构，掌握活性污泥的培养方法并对其调试启动影响因素做一探讨。对于好氧反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥是未来研究的热点。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the UASB reactor has been widely used in high concentration organic wastewatertreatment, but in engineering applications, with high efficiency particulate sludge in order to show theprocessing efficiency and superiority of the reactor. The existing number of UASB anaerobic reactor thereare inefficiencies in the cultivation of granular sludge is particularly important.In this paper, the corn alcohol wastewater treatment engineering as the research target at Xinxiang aalcohol production enterprises, alcohol wastewater anaerobic reactor and aerobic reactor production rundebug. First, a simple introduction to the source and characteristics of alcohol wastewater and corn ethanolproduction process, mainly outside the circle of the UASB reactor start-up process, influencing factors, thegranular sludge cultivation process and the aerobic SBR activated sludge process in the cultivation of thestart of the follow-up to the anaerobic reactor wastewater and sludge. Analysis of the reaction mechanismof the UASB reactor and the SBR process, discusses the laws governing the operation of the reactor andinfluencing factors provide a basis and reference for similar wastewater treatment, the findings have certainpractical engineering and theoretical value.The main research in the following aspects:（1） The external cycle UASB reactor process conditions were studied in the time of the start of thecorn alcohol wastewater. Volume load increases in the temperature conditions and determine the best ratioof water and outside the circle of reflux, the reactor start-up conditions and the best operating results,analysis of factors affecting the operating characteristics of the reactor and start, provide a reference forsimilar reactor quickly start.（2） In debugging startup process, through monitoring indicators of the into, the effluent of COD andBOD₅, total nitrogen, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids, to determine the effects and optimal control ofoperating parameters outside the circle of UASB reactor treating the wastewater of alcohol.（3） Comparative analysis of conventional UASB reactor and outside the circle of the UASB reactor,the UASB reactor of the outer cycle in terms of the start-up process and run the control conditions showedits superiority. （4） Analysis of the formation of granular sludge, observed of the granular sludge microbial communitystructure. The surface of the granular sludge culture the dominant species of methanogenic bacteria andmethanogenic coccus, observed mainly methanogenic coccus and eight stacked coccus. Did not find thepresence of filamentous bacteria within the granular sludge, methanogenic rod-shaped bacteria and cocciwere the dominant bacteria, which guarantees the efficient degradation of the hydrolysis intermediates.（5） Due to the role of the outer cycle, effectively reducing the adverse effects of organic loading andacid shock, the anaerobic system much higher adaptability to bad factors, high speed, not only balanced theinfluent load fluctuations,and to ensure the balance of the acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteriaand methanogenic bacteria activity.（6） To do a certain amount of discussion and analysis of the scaling problem of the anaerobic reactor,outside the circle back to the distribution system to a certain extent slow down the occurrence of scaling.（7） Start on the SBR activated sludge process, to master the gradually culture acclimated activatedsludge. Determination of the influent and effluent water quality and the performance of activated sludge,analysis of the mechanism of the aerobic activity of granular sludge and microbial community structure. Tomaster of the activated sludge culture methods and discussed the debug start influencing factors. Aerobicreactor culture of aerobic granular sludge is a hot topic for future research.更多还原