【作者】 郭静佩；

【导师】 周延清；

【作者基本信息】 河南师范大学 ， 微生物学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 花生是我国重要的高蛋白油料作物，同时也是我国为数不多的具有明显国际竞争力的出口创汇作物。其含油量高达50%，蛋白质含量可高达30％左右，含有人体所必需的8种氨基酸,营养价值可与动物性食品鸡蛋、牛奶、瘦肉等媲美，且易于被人体吸收利用。然而，花生极易受到强致癌物黄曲霉毒素的污染。黄曲霉毒素污染已经成为花生质量和食用安全中的重大问题之一，严重威胁人类健康，在世界范围内引起广泛关注。培育抗黄曲霉品种是解决花生黄曲霉毒素污染最有效、最经济和最安全的方法，而明确抗性品种的抗性机制是培育抗黄曲霉品种所必需的前提条件之一。本文研究花生品种对黄曲霉菌的抗性和抗侵染机制。主要研究结论如下：（1）从土壤中和发霉的花生上分离菌株，根据菌株的形态特征、颜色及分生孢子的形态结构，鉴定出产毒黄曲霉菌株。（2）经人工接种对20个花生品种的黄曲霉侵染抗性进行鉴定，试验结果表明，具有抗性的花生品种为中花6号和抗黄一号，占供试品种的10%；表现为中抗的花生品种有开农37、开农41、豫花4号、白粒花生以及开农3号，占供试花生品种的25%；易感品种有6份，分别为：豫花7号、周花2号、新花1号、濮花17、白沙4号、红花350，占供试品种的30%；高感花生品种有七份（W9813、W9742、W9846、豫花6号、Gz414、Gz392、Gz427），占供试品种的35%。花生对黄曲霉表现感病的品种占65%，其中对黄曲霉菌株表现抗性的花生籽仁与其花生荚果表现抗性的结果无显著相关。利用AFLP分子标记技术鉴别花生品种的实验结果表明，不同抗性的花生品种间有差异，但不能准确鉴定抗、中抗、中感和高感品种。(3)受黄曲霉菌株侵染后，抗性、敏感品种的花生种子内过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性发生显著的变化。根据活性变化的趋势、活性达到峰值的时间及其与抗性的关系，可以明显地鉴定出抗感品种。本文鉴定出的抗黄曲霉花生品种为花生抗黄曲霉育种提供亲本，揭示出的花生种子酶活性的变化与抗黄曲霉的关系为花生抗黄曲霉育种和抗病基因工程提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peanut, as an important oil and economic crop, is also one of the few internationally competitiveexport crops. Its seeds contain50%oil,30%protein and eight essential amino acids necessary for ourbody and so on, whose nutritional value is comparable to that in animal foods such as eggs,dairy and meat..However, it is vulnerable to aflatoxin, a strong carcinogen. Aflatoxin contamination, as one of the majorissues of the quality of peanuts and food safety, has severely threatened the health of human beings anddrawn widespread attention in the world. Breeding anti-aflatoxin varieties is the most effective, economicand safest solution to solving the Aflatoxin contamination,while determining the resistance mechanism ofAspergillus flavus-resistant varieties is the premise of breeding Aspergillus flavus-resistant varieties. Inthis study, the resistance identification and mechanism of peanut varieties（arachis hypogaea linn.）toaspergillus flavus were studied.The main findings are as follows:1. Aspergillus flavus strains were separated from soil and moldy peanuts and identified according tothe morphological features and colony color of its strains and the morphological features of Conidia.2.The resistance of20peanut varieties to A. flavus infection was determined by A. flavus artificialinoculation.The results showed that the varieties resistant to A. flavus are Zhonghua No.6and anti-aflatoxinNo.1, accounting for10%of tested varieties; moderate resistance varieties are Kainong No.37, KainongNo.41, Yuhua No.4, White Peanut and Kainong No.3,25of the tested vultivars; varieties vulnerable toaflatoxin are Yuhua No.7, Zhouhua No.2, Xinhua No.1, Puhua No.17, Baisha No.4and Honghua350,30%of the tested cultivars; high susceptible varieties are W9813,W9742,W9846,Yuhua No.6,Gz414,Gz392and Gz427,35%of the tested cultivars. Varieties susceptible to Aspergillus flavus account for65%. Thereis no significant correlation between the resistance of peanut seed kernels and that of peanut pods toAspergillus flavus. Peanut AFLP analysis indicated that there are some differences in the resistance toAspergillus flavus among different peanut varieties, but resistance, moderate resistance, moderate infectionand high infection peanut varieties can not be accurately identified.3. There are significant changes in the activities of peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase andPhenylalanine ammonia-lyase in peanut seeds of Aspergilus flavus-resistant and sensitive varieties infectedby Aspergilus flavus strains. According to the change trends of enzyme activity, the time when the activity reached the peak, and their relations with the resistance to Aspergilus flavus, resistant and sensitivevarieties can be clearly identified.Aspergillus flavus-resistant peanut varieties identified above will provide parental samples for peanutAspergillus flavus resistance breeding.The relationship between enzyme activities and Aspergillusflavus-resistance revealed by the study will provide the theoretical basis for peanut Aspergillusflavus-resistance breeding and Anti-disease gene engineering breeding.更多还原