【作者】 谢添伟；

【导师】 莫饶； 唐燕琼；

【作者基本信息】 海南大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 金钱树(Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl.)为天南星科(Araceae)雪铁芋属(Zamioculcas HW.Schott)的多年生常绿草本植物,原产于非洲东部,因独特的外表、耐阴耐旱、病虫害少、管理简单、室内摆设效果佳,使其成为具有很高观赏价值的室内园艺植物。进行多倍体育种,有助于金钱树品种的开发和育种工作,是提高金钱树观赏品质的快速有效途径。本研究对秋水仙碱诱导金钱树染色体加倍的方法进行了研究,获得了金钱树四倍体植株,对其鉴定并与二倍体植株比较,研究了不同倍性的金钱树在外观形态、气孔大小、叶片横截面、叶绿素含量以及过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性的差异。主要研究结果如下：1、通过离体诱导和田间诱导的方法,研究了不同秋水仙碱浓度与处理时间对金钱树诱变的效果。研究表明：离体诱导中,秋水仙素浸渍嫩叶法以浓度0.1%处理24h的组合诱导变异率为13.3%,但未获得纯合四倍体；秋水仙素浸渍不定芽法以浓度0.2%处理48h的组合诱变率为23.3%,四倍体诱导率为6.7%。田间诱导中,秋水仙素浸渍块茎的叶芽以浓度0.1%处理48h组合的诱变率最高,达25%,四倍体诱导率达到15%；滴液法以浓度为0.1%处理6天组合的变异率达12.5%,四倍体诱导率为5%。可见,秋水仙素诱导金钱树多倍体的最佳方法为田间浸渍金钱树块茎的叶芽诱导法,其中以浓度0.1%处理48h的组合最佳,获得的四倍体植株最多。2、经流式细胞仪检测表明,纯合四倍体植株细胞的DNA含量是二倍体的2倍,证明染色体相应的增加了一倍。利用流式细胞仪可准确测定DNA相对含量,试样制备简单,鉴定快速,精度高,可有效鉴别嵌合体,是鉴定金钱树倍性的理想方法。3、形态学与解剖学鉴定表明,四倍体比二倍体植株生长缓慢,叶轴增粗：叶片更厚,叶形指数减小；保卫细胞增大,单位面积气孔数减少；叶片上表皮细胞变大,栅栏组织、海绵组织都增厚；叶片叶绿素含量也随着染色体的加倍而增多。对过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的测定表明,四倍体植株的POD和CAT活性显著提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl., belongs to the Zamioculcas HW.Schott of the Araceae family that is an evergreen herbaceous perennial plant originate from eastern Africa. The Z. zamiifolia is a shade and drought tolerant plants with grow under low light conditions. As its unique appearance, low maintenance requirements and limited pest problems are characteristics that contribute significantly to its ornamental and interior plant. Polyploid breeding of Z. zamiifolia will be helpful to create new varieties and improve the ornamental quality to advance more quickly. In this study, the method of colchicine induced chromosome doubling of Z. zamiifolia was researched and the homozygous autotetraploid plantlets through chromosome identification were obtained. The experiment also compared the difference in appearance, stomata, the leaf cross-section, the content of chlorophyll, the activity of POD and CAT of different ploidy Z. zamiifolia.The results are as follows:1. The effects of different concentrations and processing-time of colchicine was studied at different stages in Vitro and Vivo of Z. zamiifolia. The results showed that:in Vitro, dipping the young leaf in0.1%colchicine solution for24h lead to a variant rate of plants13.3%, but there was not got tetraploid plantlets; dipping the buds in0.2%colchicine solution for48h, the rates of variant plantlets and tetraploid plants were23.3%and6.7%; in Vivo, dipping the buds in0.1%colchicine solution for48h was gained the high frequency induction which the rates of variant plants and tetraploid plants were25%and15%; immersing tuber buds with0.1%colchicine solutions for6d was the best result which the rates of variant plants and tetraploid plantlets were12.5%and5%respectively. All of above, the most tetraploid plantlets obtained by immersing buds with0.1%concentration colchicine solution for48h in Vivo.2. The result showed that the nuclear DNA content in the cells of the homozygous autotetraploid plants was twice of that in diploid plants by flow cytometry determination. It is good method by using flow cytometry to identify ploidy of Z zamiifolia was simpler, rapid and accurate.3. The tetraploid plantlets grew slower than the diploid plants. And leaves of tetraploid had thicker rachis, thicker leaf, smaller leaf index, larger guard cells, less stomata per unit area, larger epidermal cells of leaves, broader palisade tissue and the sponge tissue than the leaves of diploid. The increase of chlorophyll content in the leaves was significant with the chromosome doubling. And the activity of POD and CAT also increased significantly along with the chromosome doubling.更多还原