【作者】 朱志雄；

【导师】 周永灿； 谢珍玉；

【作者基本信息】 海南大学 ， 水产养殖， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文记录了2010年5月至10月及2011年4月至8月在西沙群岛海域开展珊瑚疾病调查的结果,发现普哥滨珊瑚(Porites pukoensis)、扁枝滨珊瑚(Porites andrewsi)、蔷薇珊瑚(Montipora spp.)、杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora spp.)、鹿角珊瑚(Acropora spp.)、菊花珊瑚(Goniastrea spp.)、澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和滨珊瑚(Porites spp.)等共14种珊瑚主要出现了白化病、白斑病、黑化病、黄色炎症样病症、粉红颗粒状综合症等9种不同症状的疾病,目前该海区为珊瑚疾病的频发区。其中,普哥滨珊瑚的黄色炎症样病症和扁枝滨珊瑚的白化病最为常见。普哥滨珊瑚黄色炎症样病症主要出现在永兴岛附近海区,患病部位存在大量黄色脓样分泌物,患病部位水螅体生长正常、萎缩或缺失,有时骨骼部分缺失,患病部位面积一般为0.4～2.4cm2；该疾病由机械损伤或其它原因引起,因机械损伤引起的伤口一般在2-3个月可以恢复,其中小面积伤口的黄色物质可在10-20d内消失、伤口基本恢复正常,而其它原因产生的黄色物质需1-3个月才能消失,有的甚至在观察期内无明显变化。扁枝滨珊瑚的白化病出现在七连屿一带的扁枝滨珊瑚分布区,该病存在整枝完全白化、局部大面积白化、散布白色斑点三种情况,白化部位水螅体缺失。从扁枝滨珊瑚提取微生物宏基因组DNA,通过采用PCR-DGGE技术及序列分析,结果表明,在64条序列中有34条为可培养细菌,30条为不可培养细菌,它们分别与以下种亲缘关系最近：Vibrio communis、Vibrio harveyi、Vibrio penaeicida、Vibrio parahaemolyticus、Vibrio sp.、Mucus bacterium、Vibrio fortisstrain、PseudoAlteromonas sp.、Uncultured bacterium、Uncultured Alteromonas sp.、Uncultured alpha proteobacterium,其中白化扁枝滨珊瑚的亲缘关系最近的优势种群为Vibrio harveyi、Vibrio penaeicida、Vibrio parahaemolyticus、Vibrio sp.、 Vibrio cambellii,经2216E培养基培养的珊瑚微生物亲缘关系最近的优势菌为Alteromonas sp.,经TCBS培养基培养的珊瑚微生物亲缘关系最近的优势菌为Pseudo Alteromonas sp.。本文为我国西沙海域珊瑚疾病的首次报道,可为今后开展西沙珊瑚疾病防治研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main stony coral diseases in Xisha Archipelago were surveyed from May to October in2010and from April to August in2011. Nine diseases, including coral bleaching, white spot disease, coral black disease, yellow inflammatory like syndrome, and pink syndrome, were found in14species of stony coral, such as Porites pukoensis, Porites andrewsi, Montipora spp., Pocillopora spp., Acropora spp., Goniastrea spp., Porites lutea, Porites spp.. The yellow inflammatory-like disease of Porites pukoensis and bleaching in Porites andrewsi were the most popular diseases in this area. The yellow inflammatory-like disease of Porites pukoensis was mainly distributed in the sea near Yongxing Island. Some yellow pus-like secreta presented in its lesion. The areas of lesion were from0.4to2.4cm2and the polyps in the lesion were normally growing, curling or missing. This disease might caused by mechanical damage or other unknown reasons. The recure of the disease caused by mechanical damage would be happened in two to three months. Although it would be disappeared in10to20days while the wound was small, the yellow secreta would be disappeared after one to three months while the disease was caused by other reasons. Bleaching of Porties andrewsi appeared in the sea of Qilian Island. The symptoms of this disease include complete bleaching, part bleaching or white spot disease. The polyps in its lesion missed and the skeleton was very white.Microbial DNA genome was abstracted from Porties andrewsi, and it was analyzed by PCR-DGGE and sequence analysis technology. The results showed that most of the isolates fell within the Vibrio core group, with the highest gene sequence similarity being towards bacteria such as:Vibrio communis, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio penaeicida, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio sp., Mucus bacterium, Vibrio fortisstrain, PseudoAlteromonas sp., Uncultured bacterium, Uncultured Alteromonas sp., Uncultured alpha proteobacterium. The predominating population mainly belong Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio penaeicida, Vibrio parahaemoly ticus, Vibrio sp., Vibrio cambellii, in bleaching of Porties andrewsi. The predominating population mainly belong to Alteromonas sp. with2216E agar. The predominating population mainly belong to PseudoAlteromonas sp. with TCBS agar. This paper reported coral diseases in Xisha Archipelago for the first time and would provide information and data for further study of coral disease in Xisha in future.更多还原