【作者】 许沃伦；

【导师】 何明；

【作者基本信息】 云南大学 ， 民族学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪50年代的民族识别将大理地区的民家、怒江地区的那马、勒墨划为“民家”,也就是我们今天所说的白族。民族识别已经过去半个世纪,但居住在澜沧江沿岸的那马人认为自己的语言、服饰、艺术形式等不同于大理地区的白族,一些人也因此称那马人为“那马族”,认为他们才是“最正宗”的白族。笔者在田野调查材料的基础上,从语言、宗教信仰、节日等方面将怒江地区的那马人与大理白族进行比较,从学理上的考察来看,他们在语言、宗教信仰、祖源传说、节日等方面有内在的共通性,20世纪50年代中国的民族识别将怒江地区的那马人与大理的民家划到同一民族有充分依据。当然,那马人的文化与大理地区白族在语言、节日、宗教信仰等方面也存在一些差异,但这些差异并不影响那马人对白族的认同,也不能成为那马人成为一个独立民族的依据。一方面,那马人接受了国家权力下建构起来的白族身份,另一方面,他们又试图利用与大理白族之间的一些文化差异,像“开益”(白语音译)这种艺术形式,来争取更多的关注。那马人强调白族身份或者是那马人身份与具体所处的情境相关,笔者认为这种情况的出现与那马人长期以来处在白族的边缘地位有关,随着社会的发展,他们需要这样一种方式引起更多的关注,从而争取在现实行政格局主导下的集体利益。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the National Ethnic Classification Project (NECP) in1950s, Minjia people who lived in Dali, Nama people and Lemo people who lived in Nujiang, has been identified as Minjia, also that we call the Bai nowadays. The NECP have passed nearly half a century, but Nama people, who live along Lancangjiang River, they consider their language, clothes and art are different from the Bai people in Dali, because of these, some other people call them Nama, and consider they are the "real" Bai.On the basis of the survey the author did in the field work, the author compares the festivals, religions, languages of the Nama people with Bai people in Dali. According to the comparison, the author think Nama people in Nujiang and Bai people in Dali shares the same cultures, Hence, they had enough evidences to identify Nama people and Minjia as Bai in1950s during the NECP.Still,there are some differences between Nama people and Dali Bai people in ter ms of language, festivals and religious. Nevertheless, these differences have not affect ed Nama’s identity to Bai, and can not be the basis for Nama to be an independent nat ionality. On the one hand, Nama people have accepted the Bai identity constructed by the government. On the other hand, they try to get more attention on them by using th e cultural differences from Dali Bai, such as the artistic form--"Kaiyi"(transliteration of Bai language). The reason for Nama people to emphasize their Bai identity probab ly relates with specific circumstance that they involved. The author believes this situation is relating with the marginal status that Nama being with for too long. And that they need a way to attract more attention in the context of global development, hoping getting common interests under the reality environment leading by administrat ive structure.更多还原