【作者】 胡晓林；

【导师】 孙日飞； 代安国；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 萝卜是十字花科萝卜属中重要的蔬菜作物之一。萝卜在西藏种植面积广，种植历史悠久，品质独特；但西藏萝卜的育种历史较短，以农家种为主，现在尚未有审定品种，且遗传背景复杂，对西藏萝卜的遗传变异研究有很多方面仍处于空白。通过此次研究可以掌握西藏萝卜的春化特性，加快西藏萝卜的育种进程；进一步了解西藏萝卜的植物学特征和生理特点，确定西藏萝卜的分类地位，分析特异性状的遗传规律，为更好地利用西藏萝卜种质资源和培育西藏萝卜品种奠定基础。本研究采用小株采种方法，构建6个世代，于成株期调查各世代的主要植物学性状；并采用盖钧镒的统计分析方法—植物数量形状主基因＋多基因混合遗传分析法，初步确定了西藏萝卜主要性状的最佳遗传模式。获得的主要结果如下：（1）对2个家萝卜高代自交系H₁、H₂和2个藏萝卜高代自交系Z₁、Z₂材料进行春化试验。春化温度3-4℃，试验设4个处理，分别为20d、30d、40d、50d，结果发现西藏萝卜小株采种萌动种子低温春化处理40天效果最佳。（2）本研究以8个家萝卜高代自交系和6个藏萝卜高代自交系中选出的植物学和经济学性状差异显著的1对萝卜自交系P₁、P₂作为亲本材料，获得6个世代：P₁、F₁、P₂、Bc₁、Bc₂、F₂，采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法，分析了萝卜最大叶长、叶片数、小羽叶数、肉质根露土部分长、肉质根长、肉质根粗、肉质根重、肉质根皮厚性状的遗传规律。结果表明，最大叶长较适合模型为D₀模型；叶片数较适合模型为D₂模型；小羽叶数较适合模型为D₂模型；肉质根露土部分长较适合模型为D₂模型；肉质根露土部分长较适合模型为D₂模型；肉质根粗较适合模型为D₂模型；肉质根重较适合模型为E₁模型；肉质根皮厚较适合模型为B₂模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Raphanus sativus is a main kind of vegetable in the genus Raphanus of Cruciferae Vegetable.InTibet the planting areas of Raphanus sativus which has a long history and qualities unique are wider.Butbreeding history of Tibet Raphanus sativus which has complex genetic background are short and it hasnot yet been released varieties.Study on genetic variation of radish in Tibet are still in the blank,so it is necessary to carry outresearches on genetic variation of Tibet Raphanus sativus.Through the study, we know exactlyvernalization,the Botany Character and physiological characteristics of the Tibet Raphanus sativus.Define the taxonomy and analysis the Genetic Rule of the special character of Tibet Raphanus sativus.Provide scientific reference for further study and exploitation on Tibet Raphanus sativus.The research adopted method:seed production of vegetable crop and building six generationsincludingP₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、Bc₁、Bc₂.Then survey of the main botany charactersin seedling.The research adopted Statistical Analysis of Gaijunyu-applying the major gene plus poly-genemodel of quantitative traits to joint analysis of six generations.Best Genetic Model of the main characters in Tibet Raphanus sativus was determined primarily.The author has got good results in such research, and the main contributions were as follows.（1）The four essential materials:inbred lines in populations of Jia Raphanus sativus H₁、H₂and ofTibet Raphanus sativus Z₁、Z₂were treated by means of vernalization,cold acclimation. Temperaturewas3-4℃, This experiment setted four disposals: chilling at3-4℃for20d、30d、40d、50d. As a result,thebest disposal was chilling at3-4℃for40d.（2） Genetic analysis was conducted on a most leave length,number of leaves，number ofleatherleaf，rootlength，root diameter and outside rootlength，root weight，the thickness of velamen ofmultiple generations，P₁，P₂，Bc1，Bc₂，F₁and F₂derived from a cross between P₁with highercomprehensive score and P₂with lower comprehensive score，using the method of major gene pluspolygenes mixed inheritance model in quantitative traits of plants.It could be concluded that theoptimum model of the most leave length was an additive-dominant major gene plus additive-dolninant-epigenous polygenes mixed inheritance model,and number of leaves、number of leatherleaf、outsiderootlength and root diameter with the same inheritance model was an additive major gene plusadditive-dominant polygenes mixed inheritance model;the optimum medel of root weight was twoadditive-dominant-epigenous major genes plus additive-epigenous polygenes inheritance model, andthat of the thickness of velamen was two additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominantpolygenes mixed inheritance model.更多还原