【作者】 戴希尧；

【导师】 杨丽梅； 任喜波；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以25个萝卜不同品系为材料，对干物质重、可溶性总糖、维生素c和蛋白质含量进行了比较，研究了各个营养成分之间的相关性，通过灰色关联度法综合评价了25个萝卜品系的综合营养品质；同时以5个萝卜自交系为试验材料，按照5×5完全双列交配设计对萝卜其主要营养品质进行了杂种优势和配合力分析及遗传参数的估算；并以品系L0908和L0915配组构建了P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2六个世代的遗传群体，应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型研究了可溶性糖、干物质、Vc和蛋白质4个性状的遗传特点。主要结果如下：1、25个萝卜品系的干物质重、可溶性总糖、Vc和蛋白质的营养成分含量差异显著；灰色关联度法综合评价表明L0908(R=0.9180)与理想品种最为接近，其次为L0913，L0907和L0911，而L0914、L0925和L0915综合评价较低；性状相关分析表明，干物质重、可溶性总糖、Vc和蛋白质之间呈显著或极显著正相关。2、萝卜主要营养品质的杂种优势分析表明，可溶性总糖的超中优势组合中正优势组合占65％，Vc、干物质、蛋白质、果糖和蔗糖的超中优势比较弱，50%以上的组合表现为负优势；而蔗糖超亲优势的正组合数为0％，未出现超亲优势。3、通过5×5完全双列杂交法的配合力分析表明，P2和P4配合力高的优良亲本，最佳糖分（总糖、蔗糖和果糖）杂交组合为P4×P1、P2×P3和P5×P3；最佳Vc和蛋白质组合为P5×P3和P2×P1。各个营养成分的遗狭义遗传力大小依次为：Vc（47.17%）、果糖（46.23%）、干物质（43.11%）、可溶性总糖（42.35%）、蛋白质（40.72%）和蔗糖（13.42%）。4、以综合营养品质性状差异显著的品种品系L0908和L0915为材料，采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代（P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2）联合分析方法，分析了干物质重、可溶性总糖、Vc和蛋白质的遗传规律。结果表明：蛋白质含量遗传为两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因（E-0）模型；Vc含量遗传的最适模型是加性-显性-上位性多基因模型（C-0）；干物质重的最适遗传模型一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因（D-0）控制；可溶性糖含量的最适模型一对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因（D-4）模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nutritional quality in cluding dry matter, total soluble sugar, vitamin c (Vc) and protein wasanalyzed and compared in25different radish cultivars; the data was subjected to cross-correlationanalysis and gray relational degree analysis for comprehensive nutritional evaluation. The heterosis,combining ability and heritability parameter of main nutritional quality characters were analyzed withthe diallel cross design method in5inbreed lines of radish; we use two inbreed lines L0908and L0915to construction six genetic groups which contain P1, F1, P2, B1, B2and F2; The genetic characteristicswre studied of dry matter, total soluble sugar, Vc and protein by plant quantitive traits majorgenes+polygenes mixed inheritance model. Results were showed as follow：1. By the method of estimated difference, there are significance in dry matter, total soluble sugar,Vc and protein in25different radish cultivars; By the grey relevant analysis, the relevant degree ofL0908is highest values (R=0.9180), which is nearest to perfect variety, L0913, L0907and L0911in thenext place and the worst combination of L0914, L0925and L0915. The relation of characters areanalysed and the results showed there are present positive correlation with dry matter, total solublesugar, Vc and protein at significance level5%or1%.2、Nutritional quality heterosis analysis showed, positive heterosis combination of the percentageof heterosis value>0accounted for65%in over-middle heterosis and over-parrent is0%in total solublesugar; Vc, dry matter, protein, fructose and sucrose in over-middle heterosis was relatively weak,50%combinations of the above behaves as a negative heterosis.3. By the diallel cross design method in5inbreed lines, the combining ability analysis resultsshowed P2and P4are good parents of high quality and high combining ability; P4×P1, P2×P3and P5×P3were the high sugar(total soluble sugar, sucrose and fructose) combination and P5×P3、P2×P1was the high Vc and protein. The order of the narrow heritability each character to：Vc(47.17%),fructose （46.23%）, dry matter(43.11%), total soluble sugar(42.35%), protein(40.72%)andsucrose(13.42%).4. Genetic analysis was conducted on dry matter, total soluble sugar, Vc and protein of multiplegenerations (P1, F1, P2, B1, B2and F2), derived from a cross between L0908and L0915，using themethod of major gene+polygenes mixed inheritance model. Results showed: the optimum model ofprotein is two additive-dominant-epigenous major genes+additive-dominant-epigenous polygenesrnixed inheritance model (E-0); the optimum model of Vc is additive-dominant-epigenous polygenesinheritance model(C-0); the optimum model of total soluble sugar is a pair ofnegative-complete-dominant major genes+additive-dominant polygenes(D-4);the optimum model of drymatter is a pair of additive-dominant major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes(D-0)更多还原