政府环境责任问题研究

【作者】 宋金俐；

【导师】 乔世明；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 政府环境责任问题归根结底主要是政府环境责任落实不到位的问题。在我国环境法治进程中,政府不履行其环境职责或者违法履行其环境职责的问题仍然比较突出,而且政府的环境不作为或者乱作为并没有受到应有的法律制裁。同时,政府环境责任落实不到位的问题是近年来环境事故频繁发生,环境违法行为屡禁不止的一个重要原因,政府环境责任问题已经成为实现环境法治的重要障碍之一。研究我国现存的政府环境责任问题,探究落实政府环境责任的对策,有助于促使政府积极履行其环境保护职责,切实发挥政府在环境保护工作中的主导作用；有助于政府增强自身的综合决策能力,实现经济发展方式的转变,实现经济、社会和环境的协调可持续发展；有助于实现政府自上而下推行环境保护政策和理念,最终实现环境法制向环境法治的转变。本文共分为三章,第一章政府环境责任概述,主要介绍了政府环境责任的概念、特征、政府环境责任的理论基础以及政府环境责任的现实依据,其中,在政府环境责任的理论基础部分,主要阐述了环境法治理论、公共物品理论以及环境治理和善治理论。在政府环境责任的现实依据部分,主要从我国日益严峻的环境形势以及频繁发生的环境事件两个角度进行分析；第二章政府环境责任的现状及存在的问题,主要阐述了宪法、环境法律以及其他规范性法律文件中的相关规定,并从政府环境责任条款、相关环境法律制度以及政府环境行政问责制三方面分析了政府环境责任存在的问题；第三章完善政府环境责任的建议,本章首先提出借鉴外国有益的立法经验的建议,然后针对第二章所阐述的我国政府环境责任存在的问题提出了相应的完善建议。具体而言,本章对完善我国政府环境责任主要提出了四点建议,一是对外国相关立法经验的借鉴,二是完善政府环境责任条款,三是完善相关的环境法律制度,四是完善政府环境行政问责制。本文主要采用了文本分析和系统分析的方法。首先,本文对国内外与政府环境责任相关的立法进行了文本分析,阐述了国内立法的不足之处以及国外立法值得借鉴的地方。其次,本文从政府环境责任条款、相关环境法律制度以及政府环境行政问责制三个方面系统地分析了政府环境责任存在的问题,然后从借鉴外国相关立法的有益经验以及解决我国政府环境责任存在的问题两个维度提出相应的完善政府环境责任的建议,以期构建一个完善的能够真正落实政府环境责任的体系。本文的研究目的即在于从环境法学视角分析政府环境责任在法律制度层而的现状及存在的问题,并从借鉴国外相关立法经验、完善政府环境责任条款、完善相关环境法律制度以及完善政府环境行政问责制四个层而探究落实政府环境责任的对策,从而确保政府真正担负起保护和改善环境的职责,切实发挥政府在环境保护工作中的带头领导和率先垂范作用,最终实现我国的环境法治。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem on the government’s environmental liability is ultimately mainly that the implementation of the government’s environmental liability does not reach the designated position. In the process of realizing the rule of environmental law, the problem of the governments do not perform their environmental responsibilities or perform their environmental responsibilities illegally is still rather outstanding, and the governments’negative act or disordered behavior do not receive the due punishment coming from the law. Meanwhile, the problem of the governments’environmental liability does not reach the designated position is one of the important reasons which result in the environmental accidents occur frequently recent years and the longstanding of environmental violations, the problem on the governments’environmental liability has already become one of the important obstacles which prevent the realization of the rule of the environmental law. Researching our country’s existing problems on the government’s liability and exploring the countermeasures which contribute to implementing the government’s environmental liability is helpful to promote the governments to perform their environmental duties actively and make the governments play their leading role in the work of environmental protection; is helpful to strengthen the governments’ ability of making decisions comprehensively, to realize the transformation of the mode of economic development, to realize the economical, social and environmental coordinated and sustainable development; is helpful to realize the implementation of the policy and the idea on environmental protection from top to bottom, and finally realize the change from the environmental law system to the rule of environmental law.This paper is divided into three chapters:the first chapter is about the overview of the government’s environmental liability, which mainly introduces the concept, characteristics, theory basis and actual basis of the government’s environmental liability, in which, in the part of the theory basis of the government’s environmental liability, it mainly states the theory of the rule of environmental law, the theory of public goods and the theory of environmental governance and good governance, in the part of the actual basis of the government’s environmental liability, it mainly analyzes the increasingly severe environmental situation and frequently occurred environmental events; the second chapter is about the present situation and the existing problems of the government’s environmental liability, which mainly expounds some related provisions of the constitution, the environmental laws and other normative legal documents, and then from the clauses of the government’s environmental liability, related environmental legal institutions and the government’s environmental accountability system these three aspects analyzes the existing problems of the government’s environmental liability; the third chapter is about the suggestions on improving the government’s environmental liability, which firstly proposes to use useful experience of foreign legislation for reference, and then put forward the corresponding suggestions for those problems introduced in the second chapter. Specifically, this chapter mainly put forward four suggestions on improving the government’s environmental liability in our country: using the experience of foreign related legislation for reference; improving the clauses on the government’s environmental liability; improving the relative environmental legal institution; improving the government’s environmental accountability system.This paper mainly adopts research methods of textual analysis and systematical analysis. Firstly, this paper has a textual analysis on the domestic and foreign relative legislation about the government’s environmental liability, and then expounds the deficiencies of domestic legislation and the advantages of foreign legislation which is worth to learn for our country. Secondly, this paper analyzes the problems of the government’s environmental liability systematically from three aspects of the clauses of the government’s environmental liability, the relative environmental legal institutions and the government’s environmental accountability system and then puts forward corresponding suggestions on improving the government’s environmental liability from two dimensions of using useful experience of foreign relative legislation and solving the problems existed on the government’s environmental liability.This research paper aims to analyze the current situation and problems on legal institutions of the government’s environmental liability from the perspective of environmental law, and explore countermeasures to implement the government’s environmental liability from four aspects of using foreign relative legislative experience for reference, perfecting the clauses about the government’s environmental liability, perfecting relative environmental legal institutions and improving the government’s environmental accountability system, so as to ensure that the governments truly take their responsibilities on protecting and improving the environment, and let the governments play their leading role in the work of protecting the environment, and finally realize the rule of environmental law in our country.更多还原