我国城市规划中的公众参与研究

【作者】 杨丽；

【导师】 赵小锁；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 宪法学与行政法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,中国传统封闭型的公共决策过程逐渐开放,在不同种类的决策过程中逐步引入了公众参与程序,公众参与成为中国公共生活领域的一个重要关键词。公众参与不仅应该成为政府吸收民意的一种程序,更应该成为政府的执政理念。在城市规划领域,过去我国城市规划强调的政治性、纲领性意义过强,公众参与城市规划的机会和权利一直受到忽视。公众意愿的表达是否充分,公众能否真正地参与城市规划直接影响着公众利益的实现程度。随着人权保障的客观要求和个人权利意识的高涨,对政府制定、实施城市规划提出了更高的要求。综观我国的城市规划理论与实践,我国城市规划过程中的公众参与研究仍然处于起步阶段,大部分的城市规划仍由传统的“由上而下”的规划管理模式主导着。2008年1月1日起实施的《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》作为一部规范城乡规划行为、保护公众利益的重要法律,明确规定了城市规划中公众的参与权利,为城市规划中的公众参与行为提供了法律的依据,具有重要的进步意义。但是不可否认,我国公众参与城市规划的相关制度仍然存在许多不合理的地方,关于“公众参与”方面的内容规定得很少。即使是有相关的规定,也常常是不够明确,具体的可操作性强的实施细则还较少。在实际操作中,我国的城市规划虽已有一定程度的公众参与,但公众参与的深度与广度还远远不够,许多地方的公众参与仍流于形式,在许多时候还只是被动型的参与,公众参与仍然停留在形式化的运作阶段,还远没有实现真正意义上的公众参与。为保护公众在城市规划中享有的各项权利,有必要制定完善的城市规划的参与制度,实现城市规划中的实质参与,避免形式化、表象化,必须提高城市规划领域的民主制度,拓宽公众参与城市规划的范围和渠道,加强对城市规划中公众参与的法律制度保障。本文的目的就在于通过对国内外城市规划中的公众参与制度进行理论和实践分析,明确其存在的必要性和重要性。通过分析我国城市规划中公众参与现状,指出其存在的若干问题及原因,在借鉴国外相关制度的基础上结合我国实际,并就其完善提出一些个人的思考,以期为实现实质性的公众参与、保障公民权益贡献一己之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 These years, the traditional process of public decision-making has been gradually opened up in China, and the public participation, which is leaded in different types of decision processes, has become a main focus in Chinese public life. The public participation should not only be a program that the government absorbs public opinions, should be the governing philosophy of the government. In the field of the urban planning, our government put too much emphasis on political and programmatic significance in the past, neglecting the opportunities and rights of public participation. Whether the public expression is full and whether the public really participates in the urban planning directly impacts on the realization of public interest. With the objective requirements of the human rights protection and the developments of the reorganization of the individual rights, there will be a higher requirement in developing and implementing urban planning to the government.Looking through the theory and practice of urban planning in China, I found that the public participation research of the urban planning in our country is still in its infancy, because most of the urban planning is still the traditional planned and management model that is "top-down". Come into effect on1st January,2008, as an important law that standards for urban and rural planning behavior and protects public interest,<<Town And Country Planning Act Of The People’s Republic Of China>> clearly stipulates the rights of public participation in urban planning and provides a legal basis for the public participation in urban planning behavior, which has important advances in significance. Undeniably, there are still many unreasonable aspects in the urban planning of China, providing few aspects of "public participation". Even if there are relevant provisions, they are often not clear enough and the there are less specific operational strong implementation details in them. In practice, the public are already participated on the unban planning of our country, but the depth and breadth is not enough, due to being a mere formality in many parts of the public participation and being only passive participation in many cases. The public participation still remains ant the formal operational stage, being far from achieving the true sense of public participation. Protecting kinds of public interest in unban planning, the government is necessary to formulate the perfect system involved the public participation in urban planning and achieve substantive participation in unban planning. To avoid the formalization and representation, it is necessary to improve the democratic system in the field of urban planning, broaden the scope and channels of the public participating in unban planning and enhance the legal system to protect public participation in unban planning.The purpose of this paper is that through analyzing theory and practice of the public participation system in urban planning at home and abroad, gets a clear need for its existence and importance and through analyzing the current situation of the public participation system in urban planning in China, points out a number of issues and reasons, combining with the reality of our country on the basis of the foreign system, making some personal thinking thoroughly and wishing to achieve substantive representation to protect public interest.更多还原