【作者】 杜坤；

【导师】 杨秀平；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农产品贸易， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是世界最大的苹果生产国。苹果种植面积在水果中位居第二，仅次于柑橘，年产量约为300万吨，接近世界产量的一半。苹果是我国出口创汇最多的园艺产品，主要出口产品鲜苹果和浓缩苹果汁的年出口总额高达15亿美元。但由于产业本身的不完善性，面对激烈的国际竞争，我国苹果出口存在着诸多问题，我国由苹果生产大国转变为出口强国还需要付出诸多努力。论文在分析我国苹果出口格局的基础上，以建立模型和实地调研相结合的方式，对我国苹果产品出口影响因素进行分析，明晰促进和阻碍我国苹果出口的因素，并借鉴苹果生产强国的经验，为我国苹果产业的发展提出相应的政策建议。研究结果显示：一、我国鲜苹果和浓缩苹果汁的国际市场占有率分别为20%和40%左右，鲜苹果的主要出口市场集中在亚洲国家和俄罗斯，但世界主要进口国家/地区对我国的进口份额不高，除俄罗斯、香港和泰国外，其他主要鲜苹果进口国家/地区对我国的进口份额均不足5%，我国鲜苹果出口市场主要为世界中低端市场和中高端市场的极小部分；我国浓缩苹果汁在世界主要进口国家占据重要的市场份额，但由于产品酸度较低，不能满足其对高酸苹果汁的需求，只能填补其中低端市场。二、进口国经济的发展、品牌效应及国际交流、自由贸易协定等因素对我国苹果出口产生促进作用；三、国际贸易壁垒升级、竞争对手产量增加、国内生产成本上涨和市场秩序混乱等因素阻碍我国苹果出口。四、促进我国苹果出口的发展应该从发挥企业协会的作用、建立出口信息预警机制、推出浓缩苹果汁期货、提高果农素质、发展农民合作组织、寻求企业和农户合作的适当模式以及加大政府支持力度等方面展开。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is the largest apple producer in the world, and the annual production is about3million tonswhich equals nearly half of the world’s production. Apple is China’s largest horticultural product, thetotal exports of the main products-fresh apple and concentrated apple juice-reach approximately$150million. However, due to the problems of the industry, as well as the fierce competition of theinternational market, a lot of efforts should be made for China to prosper the international market andbecome one of the strongest competitors.This article consists of seven parts. In the first two parts, the author introduces the purpose of thisarticle and researches done by scholars both in and out of China. Then in the third part of the article, bycomparing China’s export markets and the world’s main import markets, we can get a clear view of thetrade pattern of China’s apple. The world market shares of fresh apple and concentrated apple juice are20%and40%respectively, the main export markets of China’s fresh apple are Asia and Russia whilemost of the importers are western countries, China’s fresh apple exported mainly entered the low-endmarkets and a very small portion entered the high-end markets; as the largest producer of concentratedapple juice, China’s holds a market position that not in parallel of its huge production. In the followingtwo chapters, the influencing factors are analyzed by mean of macro model and the field research results.Results show that the importing country’s economic development, branding, internationalcommunication and free trade agreement can improve the exports of apple products; acceleration ofinternational trade barriers, bumper harvest of competitors, the increase of domestic cost of productionand market disorders are factors that hinder China’s apple exports. Chapter6introduces the experiencesof the development of apple industry in New Zealand and Japan. Then in the last chapter, some policyrecommendations to improve apple industry are put forward: due attention should be paid to thedevelopment of industry associations, establish early warning mechanism of export information, releaseconcentrated apple juice futures, improve farmers’ knowledge and skills, develop farmers’ cooperativeorganizations, seek appropriate model of cooperation of enterprises and farmers, increasing governmentsupport.更多还原